搜索
:2007210210StephenV1Ward,SellingPlaces:TheMarketingandPromotionofTownsandCities,1850-2000,London:Routledge,19981R1W1Paddison,CityMarketing,imageReconstructionandUrbanRegeneration,UrbanStudies,Vol130,NO12,1992,pp1339-350P1Kotler,AGenericConceptofMarketing,MarketingManagement,Vol17,NO13,1998,pp148-54;LouisWhite,MarketingthecityofKaoshiungfortheNewMillennium,KaohsiungCityGavernment,19991H1Smyth,MarketingtheCity:Theroleofflagshipdevelopmentsinurbanregeneration,UK:E&FNSPOT,19941:,1998GildoSeisdedos,StateoftheArtofCityMarketinginEuropeanCities,42ndInternationalSocietyofCityandRegionalPlannersCongressPaper,20061:,,,,,:;;;:C912181;F29:A:025725833(2008)0120125209:,(200020)19(1851,1879),2080,,(CityBranding)(CityMarketing)(CityPromotion),(EntrepreneurCity)(CityasaProduct),,,,,,,,,,20051825,7,(71%),(45%)(45%)52120081:(40%)(35%)(15%)(15%),,,,,,(Stakeholder),,,,,3,:,;,,,,,,,,,,;,,,,,,,,,:,,,,,,,,(Vision),,,,,(1):,,,,6212004,(TorontoBrandingProject),400,,,,,,[]:,2003:,2004;:,200320081:1BusinessCapitalofAmericaAnArtsCapitalofEuropeCapitalofInspirationCapitaloftheNewEuropeInspiredinStockholmEuropesMagneticNorthGatewaytotheWest/EastACitywithaThousandFacesLiveItUpSingaporeAsiasWorldCity,20062016,,,:(1),(2),(3),,,2005,28,83%(),16%()(),,11,,,,,,(GreatLondonAuthorityAct),121721:2005,:2006-20162006-200920081:1:LondonDevelopmentAgency:LondonTourismVision2006-2016,p1111,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(2)2::,(),2006382120081:,(3),,3,331,(Sponsorship),,,,,,(BerlinPartnerGmbH)(MarketingLeipzigGmbH),GmbH(VisitLondon)(GLA),(aprivatecompanylimitedbyguarantee),,,,,,,2004-2005921,,LondonTV()(22),,20081:125,31171385,95%,93%41()(),,(1),(),:/CEO/CAO(2)(ExperienceLA)1700,,(3),(2),,,(),2(4),,,,,,,,(GlasgowConferenceAmbassadorProgramme),,,2005-2006031VisitLondon,VisitLondonReview2005120081:2400,38%51,,(JointMarketing)(CrossMarketing),,,,21(ANMC21),:,ANMC21Information,,,:(1);(2),;(3);(4)(PublicPrivatePartnership);(5),,,,1.,,(in2kindsupport),,,()(),,,,,,,322.,,,,,,,,1312004,:VolumeandValueofTourism:2004,110(1180),2003114,(3)3:2004200311,005,86511,443,8905,173,4095,799,764Hi2SeoulHi2SeoulHi2Seoul1,321,0001,052,235338,009210,155368,819:,,(),,,20903,7(4)21,4,1841993-1994(/)714261115119218421792169616502185:Ward,StephenV1(1998),SellingPlcae,p.2133.,,,:,,(FlagshipDevelopment)(Dochland)2080,1982199210,2800,1-4%,231H1Smyth,MarketingtheCity:Theroleofflagshipdevelopmentsinurbanregeneration,UK:E&FNSPOT,1994120081:,44,,:11,21,,(CityasaProduct),31,,,,41,,,;,(:)331WuFulong,TheGlobalandLocalDimensionsofPlace2making:RemakingShanghaiasaworldcity,UrbanStudies,Vol.37,No.8,2000,pp.135921377120081:AnIntegrativeTheoryofSocialOperationZhengHangshengHuYipeng(111)Abstract:Theten2propositionofMo2tsehadbeenmadeupofanintegrativetheoryofsocialoperation,withwhichtheysearchedforawaytoarriveatthepeaceandtoavoidthedisorder.Theheavenwastheoriginofallthevaliditythatthepersonsactiveshouldsubmittotheprovidence,becausetheheavenandtheghostsrequiredthatthemanshouldbegoodinsteadofwicked2ness.Whensomeonetreatedanotherwiththeaffectionoflove,therewouldbeaharmonyamongthegroup.Identifyingwiththesu2periorwasaresultoflovinganother,aswelltheend2resultoftheprovidence,whichrequestthateveryoneshouldsubmittothewis2domunconditionally,sothatwecouldconstructaharmonioussocialorder.Economizingexpenditureswasagreatwaytoturnawaythejeopardyofthesufferingfromcoldandhunger1Therefore,thestabilizationofthesocietycouldbecarriedout.Inaword,theten2propositionofMo2tsewasanidealprojectforsocialoperationandsocialorder.Keywords:Mo2tse,UniversalLove,IdentifyingwiththeSuperior,SocialOperation,SocialOrder.TheGovernment2ledInformalEmploymentOrganization(IEO):InformalEmploymentinShanghaiandtheShanghaiModelRenYuan(119)Abstract:ShanghaiModelofEmploymenthasbeenhighlyappreciatedbyInternationalLaborOrganization(ILO)andChineseNationalMinistryofLaborandSocialSecurityforitssuccessfulinitiativesonincreasingemploymentposition,andexecutingquasi2formalmanagementandsocialprotectionsforinformallabors.ThepaperconcludesthecharacteristicsofShanghaiModelasstronglyinstitutionalized,disadvantagepopulationorientedandcommunitybasedemployment,andthepaperconcludestheessenceoftheShanghaiModelasakindofgovernment2ledinformalemploymentpatterninurbanChina.Basedonempiricalfieldstudies,thepa2perenumeratestheshortcomingoftheShanghaiModelinpractices,andputsforwardrelevantpolicyimplicationsonfurtherdevel2opingofthemodel.Thosesuggestionsinclude:tostrengthenthegovernmentsroleinsocialprotectionandformallyemploymentmanagement;topromotesocialandmarketforcestobetterstimulatecompetitionandself2enterpreneurship;tostrengthensocialor2ganizationsinvolvementininformalemploymentaffairsandservices.Keywords:InformalEmploymentOrganizaton(IEO),ShanghaiModelOntheManagementofCityPromotion:Strategy,MechanismandResourcesAllocationTuQiyu(125)Abstract:Thecitypromotionhasbeenhighlyvaluedinthepracticesofurbandevelopmentandcityscompetitivenessbuild2ing.How