科特勒营销管理下载_Marketing_Management05

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2019-10-19

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ObjectivesTracking&IdentifyingOpportunitiesintheMacroenvironmentDemographic,Economic,Natural,Technological,Political,&CulturalDevelopmentsMacroenvironmentalForcesWorldtradeenablersAsianeconomicpowerRiseoftradeblocsInternationalmonetarycrisesUseofbarter&countertradeMovetowardsmarketeconomies“Global”lifestylesMacroenvironmentalForcesOpeningof“new”marketsEmergingtransnationalfirmsCross-borderstrategicalliancesRegionalethnic&religiousconflictGlobalbrandingDemographicEnvironmentWorldwidePopulationGrowthPopulationAgeMixEthnicMarketsHouseholdPatternsEducationalGroupsGeographicalShiftsinPopulationShiftfromMassMarkettoMicromarketsEconomicEnvironmentIncomeDistributionSubsistenceeconomiesRaw-material-exportingeconomiesIndustrializingeconomiesIndustrialeconomiesSavings,Debt,&CreditAvailabilityNaturalEnvironmentHigherPollutionLevelsIncreasedCostsofEnergyShortageofRawMaterialsChangingRoleofGovernmentAcceleratingPaceofChangeUnlimitedOpportunitiesforInnovationIncreasedRegulationIssuesintheTechnologicalEnvironmentVaryingR&DBudgetsPolitical-LegalEnvironmentIncreasedLegislationSpecial-InterestGroupsSocial/CulturalEnvironmentOfOrganizationsOfNatureOfOneselfOfSocietyOftheUniverseOfOthersViewsThatExpressValuesSocial/CulturalEnvironment