POSITIONINGStrategy定位策略MARKETSEGMENTATION市场细分Modernmarketingcompaniesrecognisethattheycannotappealtoeverybuyerinthemarket.现代以市场部为导项的公司认识到他们的产品在市场上已不能吸引到每一个消费者。Thus,theysegmentthemarket,tryingtoidentifythepart(orparts)thattheycanservebest.因此,他们开始细分市场,力图确定部分的群体是他们可以完全服务的到的。MARKETSEGMENTATION市场细分Companiesdonotalwayspractisethephilosophyofmarketsegmentation:公司不总是以达观冷静的哲学态度来实践他的市场细分。.Massmarketing大众化的市场.Product-varietymarketing不同种类产品的市场.Targetmarketing目标市场StagesinMarketOrientation首先以市场为导项MassMarketing大众化市场Product-VarietyMarketing不同产品类别的市场TargetMarketing目标市场MARKETSEGMENTATION市场细分Today’scompaniesaremovingawayfrommassmarketingandproductvarietymarketing.今日的许多公司已经开始远离大众市场和已产品类别划分的市场。Targetmarketingishelpfulinfindingmarketopportunitiesanddevelopingmoreeffectiveproductsandmarketingmixesinprofitableway.而目标市场可以帮助找到市场机遇和开发更多的有效的产品,并且使整合的市场沟通计划处在一个确保赢利的位置。TARGETMARKETING目标市场Keysteps:(STP)主要步骤(STP)1.MarketSegmentation市场细分2.MarketTargeting市场的目标群3.MarketPositioning市场定位MARKETSEGMENTATION市场细分Theprocessofdividingamarketintodistinctgroupsofbuyerswhomightrequireseparateproductsormarketingmixes.划分市场的过程是将一个市场明确的区分为不同的消费群体,他们可能需求的不同的产品或者是整体的市场沟通。BasesforSegmentingConsumerMarkets消费者的市场细分的基本CHARACTERISTICSDemographic人口Geographic地理Behavioural行为Psychographic心理GEOGRAPHICVARIABLES地理的变化Geographicvariables:.nations;states;cities;suburbs民族,国家,城市,郊区.regions;censusdistricts地域,人口普查的区域.populationdensity人口密度.localgovernmentareas本地政府的管辖区域.climaticzones气候地带-manyothers还有很多其他DEMOGRAPHICVARIABLES人口的变化Demographicsegmentationissometimescalled“state-of-being”segmentation.人口细分有时侯我们称做“存在状态”的细分Mostcompanieswillusemorethanonedemographicvariable大多数的公司会利用远远多于单一的人口变化。Includes:包括.age年龄.Gender性别.Income收入.familysize家庭大小.familylifecycle家庭生活的周期.maritalstatus婚姻状况.Occupation职业.Religion宗教信仰.Nationality民族性.Race种族.manyothers还有很多其他PSYCHOGRAPHICVARIABLES心理变化Psychographicsegmentation:心理细分.sometimescalled“state-of-mind”segmentation.有时侯称作“心理状态”的细分Variables:变化.socioeconomicstatus社会经济状态.Preferences爱好.Lifestyle生活形式.personalitycharacteristics个性.opinions观点.Attitudes态度.manyothers还有很多其他BEHAVIOURALVARIABLES行为变化Behaviouralvariables:.knowledgeofproduct产品知识.attitudestowardsproduct面向产品的态度.purchaseoccasion购买时机.benefitsought利益的寻找.userstatus使用者的状况;usagerate使用频率.loyaltystatus忠诚度的状态;buyerreadiness购买者的准备状况.Internetaddress网上地址SegmentingBusinessMarkets以生意为导项的市场细分BasesforSegmentingBusinessMarkets以生意为导项市场细分的基础Demographics人口PersonalCharacteristics个性SituationalFactors状况因素OperatingVariables操作时的变量PurchasingApproaches购买途经Q1.CanyouwritedownyourTargetsegmentofyourClient请你写下有关你所服务客户的目标细分市场Q2.CanyouwritedownyourTargetSegmentofyourcompany请你写下你公司的目标细分市场MARKETTARGETING目标市场Afterthemarkethasbeensegmented,themarketermust:当市场被细分后,市场人员必须–evaluatethesegments对细分市场进行评估–selectthosetobetargeted选择可以针对的目标EVALUATINGMARKETSEGMENTS如何评估市场细分Inevaluatingthemarketsegments,acompanymustlookatthreefactors:市场细分的评估,每家公司必须看到以下三点1.Segmentsizeandgrowthrate细分的容量大小和增长比率2.Segmentstructuralattractiveness细分架构的魅力3.Segmentcompatibilitywithcompanyobjectivesandresources市场细分的能力在于公司的目的和他的资源EffectiveSegmentation有效的市场细分RequirementsForEffectiveSegmentation有效市场细分的必备要求Measurable可测量的Substantial充实的Actionable可行动的Accessible可达到的SELECTINGTARGETSEGMENTS目标市场细分后的选择Inselectingtheirtargetsegments,companiescantakeanyofthreemarket-coveragestrategies:选择目标市场细分,公司可选择三个覆盖市场的策略:.undifferentiatedmarketing一致的市场.differentiatedmarketing有区别的市场.concentratedmarketing密集性的市场策略MarketCoverageStrategies覆盖市场的策略Segment1Segment2Segment3CompanyMarketingMix公司整合的市场沟通计划Segment1Segment2Segment3CompanyMarketingMixCompanyMix1CompanyMix2CompanyMix3Market市场A.UndifferentiatedMarketing一致的市场B.DifferentiatedMarketing有区别的市场C.ConcentratedMarketing密集性的市场UNDIFFERENTIATEDMARKETING一致的市场Sellerignoressegmentdifferencesandusesthesamemarketingmixfortheentiremarket.出售商往往忽略不同的市场细分,并且用相同的市场沟通策略来针对整个市场。Strategyfocusesonthecommonneedsofthemarketratherthandifferencesinit.集中的策略应在于寻找市场中共同的需求,而不在单单挖掘他的不同之处。Provideseconomiesofscaleonproductcostsbutmaybelimitedinapplication.提供产品成本的经济比例,但在申请中也许会有限制。DIFFERENTIATEDMARKETING区分市场Sellertargetsseveralmarketsegmentsanddesignsseparatemarketingmixesforeachofthem.出售商定位几个目标市场细分并且为他们设计不同的沟通市场计划。Strategyallowscustomerloyaltytobemaintainedascustomerneedschange.当消费者的需求在改变,策略则期望允许维持住消费者的忠诚度。CONCENTRATEDMARKETING密集性的市场Sellerpursuesalargeshareofoneormoresegments.出售商所追求的是在一项细分市场或者是更多细分市场中的最大份额。Strategyallowseconomiesinsegmentknowledgeandservice,butriskishigherduetosmallertotalmarketshare.策略允许经济政策在细分市场后的知识和服务,但由于占据很小的市场份额所承担的危险比较高。MARKETPOSITIONING市场定位Marketersattempttocreateaparticularpositioninthemarketfortheirproducts.市场从业人员努力试图在市场中为他们的产品创造一个特别的定位。Position:定位“...thewaytheproductisdefinedbyconsumersonimportantattributes;theplacetheproductoccupiesinconsumers’mindsrelativetocompetingproducts.”产品定位的方法可定义为建立在消费者基础上的重要的属性,产品占据在消费者的心理地位,成为更相关的竞争性产品。MARKETPOSITIONINGSTRATEGIES市场定位的战略Marketerscanchoosetopositionon:市场人员可挑选自己产品的定位如以下几方面:.productattributes产品属性.Benefits利益.usageoccasions使用机会.Users使用者.against,ortowards,acompetitor打败面项的竞争对手.productclass产品的种