4.DesignRequirements4.1RailingHeight:4.1.1GuardrailSystems:4.1.1.1Thefabricatedheightofaguardrailsystem,measuredfromitstopsurfacetothefinishedfloorlevel,shallbeaminimumof1.07m(42in.).Whenvariationsintheevennessofthefinishedfloorwillresultinindividualheightmeasurementsoftheinstalledguardrailsystemtobelessthan1.04m(41in.),thefabricatedheightoftheguardrailsystemshallbeincreasedaccordingly.护栏系统的组装高度,从最顶端面至地表至少要应该达到1.07米(即42英寸)。根据楼梯地表平整度的不一会导致个别测量高度低于1.04米(即41英寸)时,装配高度也应该随着增加。4.1.1.2Withinanindividualdwellingunit,therequiredrailingheightisreduced.对于个人住宅使用时,相应栏杆高度可随之降低。(a)(a)Wheretheverticaldistancebetweenadjacentfinishedfloorlevelsislessthan1.83m(72in.),theheightshallbeaminimumof0.81m(32in.).Whenvariationsintheevennessofthefinishedfloorwillresultinindividualheightmeasurementsoftheinstalledguardrailsystemtobelessthan0.79m(31in.),thefabricatedheightoftheguardrailsystemshallbeincreasedaccordingly.当相邻楼梯面的垂直距离少于1.83米(即72英寸)时,栏杆高度应至少要达到0.81米(即32英寸)。根据楼梯地表平整度的不一会导致个别测量高度低于0.79米(即31英寸)时,装配高度也应该随着增加。(b)Wheretheverticaldistancebetweenadjacentfinishedfloorlevelsisaminimumof1.83m(72in.),theheightshallbeaminimumof0.86m(34in.).Whenvariationsintheevennessofthefinishedfloorwillresultinindividualheightmeasurementsoftheinstalledguardrailsystemtobelessthan0.84m(33in.),thefabricatedheightoftheguardrailsystemshallbeincreasedaccordingly.当相邻楼梯面的垂直距离至少达1.83米(即72英寸)时,栏杆高度也应至少要达到0.86米(即34英寸)。根据楼梯地表平整度的不一会导致个别测量高度低于0.84米(即33英寸)时,装配高度也应该随着增加。4.1.1.3Inpublicassembly,elementaryschool,andmultiplefamilyoccupanieswheretheverticaldistancebetweenstairandadjacentlevelsismorethan4.1m(20ft.),therequiredrailingheightshallbeincreasedbeyondthatgivenin4.1.1.1.在公共场所,如小学以及居民住宅处楼梯以及相邻水平面的垂直距离会大于4.1米(即20英尺),这样的话栏杆的高度也应该对应调整(比4.1.1.1所描述的调整高低要高出很多)4.1.1.4Forbalconiesinpublic-assemblyoccupancies,therequiredrailingheightinfrontofthefirstrowoffixedseatsshallbereducedto0.66m(26in.)providedadequatesafetyisestablishedbythedesignerandapprovedbytheauthorityhavingjurisdiction;however,itshallbeaminimumof0.91m(36in.)ataisleendsandaminimumof1.07m(42in.)whereaislestepsoccur.至于公共阳台围栏要求,固定位置的首排栏杆高度应减至0.66米(即26英寸),前提是安全系数在设计师要求的合理范围内以及通过了权威部门设定的限度内。尽管如此,栏杆的高度在过道尾端也应达到0.91米(即36英寸),并且过道的阶梯栏杆高度也应达到1.07米(即42英寸)。4.1.2HandrailsandStair-RailSystems:4.1.2.1Incorridors,ramps,walkways,andenclosedstairwayshavingaslopeofatleast1in20,theheightofthehandrailofthestair-railsystems,measuredfromitstopsurfacetothefinishedfloorlevelortread-noseline,shallbenotlessthan0.86m(34in.)normorethan0.97m(38in.).Whenastair-railsystemishigherthan0.97m(38in.),aseparatehandrailshallbeinstalledataheightofnotlessthan0.86m(34in.)normorethan0.97m(38in.).在倾斜的走廊,斜坡,过道以及封闭的楼梯里,20个扶手至少有一个扶手的高度,从最高处至楼梯面,最低不能低于0.97米(即38英寸),最高不能高过0.97米(即38英寸)。当楼梯栏杆高度高于0.97米(即38英寸),单独的扶手管安装高度应不低于0.86米(34英寸)且不高于0.97米(即38英寸)。4.1.2.2Whererequiredandinchildcareandeducationalfacilitiesservingchildrenundertheageof12years,asecondseparatehandrailshallbepermittedtobeinstalledatamountingheightof24to28in.(610to710mm).Theverticalclearancebetweenthehandrailsshallbeatleast9in.(230mm).在服务于12岁以下儿童的护理中心或者教育设施的地方,一个额外的扶手管需装在安装高度为24至28英寸之间的地方(即610至710毫米)。扶手间的垂直间隙应至少有9英寸(即230毫米)。4.1.3TransferRailSystems—Wheretransferrailsystemsaretobeinstalled,suchasintoiletsandbathrooms,therequiredheight,measuredfromitstopsurfacetothefinishedfloorlevel,shallnotbelessthan0.76m(30in.)normorethan0.86m(34in.).传送扶手系统---在安装传送扶手的地方,如公厕及浴室等场所,安装的要求高度,从最高处至地面最低应不低于0.76米(即30英寸),最高不高于0.86米(34英寸)。4.2RailingSystemPenetration:栏杆系统渗透4.2.1Thevariousmembersoftherailingsystemshallbearrangedsuchthatasphere,140mm(51⁄2in.)indiameter,cannotbepassedthroughanyopeninginthesystemexceptasnotedin4.2.2.Themembersshallbearrangedtodiscourageclimbing.栏杆系统的不同构件应排列在一个范围之内,如直径为140毫米(即五又二分之一的)部件不允许有任何可穿越的开口,除了4.2.2说明的情况以外。栏杆的构件应合理排列使之不易攀爬。4.2.2Inareasprotectedbyarailingsystemwherechildrenfiveyearsofageorlesswillbepresentorhaveaccessandrequireprotectionfrompassingthroughtherailingsystem,thevariousmembersoftherailingsystem,suchasbalusters,screens,wiremesh,orscrolls,shallbearrangedinsuchawaythatasphere,102mm(4in.)indiametercannotbepassedthroughanyopeninginthesystemuptoaheightof0.66m(26in.)abovethetopsurfaceoftheadjacentfinishedfloor.在5岁及以下的儿童出现的围栏保护的区域,要求需要有屏障防止穿越。栏杆系统中的不同部件,如立柱、隔板、金属丝网、涡卷形饰等应排列在这样的一个范围内,在高至0.66米(即26英寸)的相邻阶梯地面上,栏杆顶部任何栏杆系统中的开口间隙不能穿越102mm(即4英寸)直径的部件。4.2.3Inindustrial,commercial,andothernonresidentialoccupancies,whereonlyadultsnormallywillbepresentorhaveaccess,andinareaswhereaccessbytheusersisinfrequent,thediameterofthespheremaybeincreasedto533mm(21in.)unlessotherconditionswarrantasmallerdiameter.在成人经常出现的工业地、商业区以及其他非居民住宅区和少有人流经过的地方,这个范围的外径可增至533毫米(即21英寸),除非在其他环境下有更小的直径要求。4.2.4Toeboardsshallbeprovidedinareaswheretoolsandotherobjectscouldbedislodgedandfallonoccupantsbelow.Thetopofthetoeboardshallnotbelessthan102mm(4in.)andthebottomnotmorethan13mm(1⁄2in.)abovetheaveragefinishedlevelatthelineoftheverticalsupportsoftherailingsystem.在工具以及物体容易移动脱落的区域,应有提供挡板安装以免物品落下砸伤路人。要求挡板高于栏杆的立式支座平均完工水平线,挡板顶部应不少于102毫米(即4英寸),挡板底部不多于12mm(即二分之一英寸)。4.3HandrailDesign:扶手设计4.3.1Handrailsshallbedesignedtopermitcontinuousslidi