信贷评分方法在建立可持续的中小企业信贷业务中的作用

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ThematerialinthispresentationisthepropertyofFairIsaacCorporation.Thismaterialhasbeenprovidedfortherecipientonly,andshallnotbeused,reproduced,copied,disclosed,transmitted,inwholeorinpart,withouttheexpressconsentofFairIsaacCorporation.©2007FairIsaacCorporation.Confidential.征信产品在商业银行信用风险管理中的应用高级研讨会中国天津2007年6月20-21日SymposiumonCreditReportingandRetail&SMEBankingTianjingJune20–21,2007信贷评分方法在建立可持续的中小企业信贷业务中的作用WhatRolesCanCreditScoringMethodologyPlayinBuildingSustainableSMEPortfolio尤瑞奇哲斯鲁福特FairIsaacInternational全球评分解决方案部门负责人UliZeisluftDirector,GlobalScoringSolutionsFairIsaacInternational2©2007FairIsaacCorporation.Confidential.导言Introduction中小企业的定义TheSmallandMediumEnterprise(SME)defined数据对中小企业信贷决策的作用TheRelevanceofDataforSMEdecision-making贯穿中小企业客户生命周期的信贷评分工具CreditScoringacrosstheSMEaccountlifecycle结论Conclusion议程AGENDA©2007FairIsaacCorporation.Confidential.3©2007FairIsaacCorporation.Confidential.导言Introduction中小企业的定义TheSmallandMediumEnterprise(SME)defined数据对中小企业信贷决策的作用TheRelevanceofDataforSMEdecision-making贯穿中小企业客户生命周期的信贷评分工具CreditScoringacrosstheSMEaccountlifecycle结论Conclusion©2007FairIsaacCorporation.Confidential.议程AGENDA4©2007FairIsaacCorporation.Confidential.中型和小型企业(中小企业)详细定义TheSmallandMediumEnterprise(SME)defined设定背景/对经济的贡献Settingthecontext/Economicrelevance:欧洲Europe拉丁美洲LatinAmerica美国US中国China©2007FairIsaacCorporation.Confidential.5©2007FairIsaacCorporation.Confidential.设定背景(欧盟):欧洲委员会关于中小企业的官方定义Settingthecontext(EU):EuropeanCommissionofficialdefinitionofanSME*具有以下特征的企业…Abusinessentitythat…员工人数少于250人Hasnomorethan250employees单个更大企业股东单独或联合持有的股份少于25%Isnotmorethan25%owned,eithersinglyorjointly,byalargercompany年销售额少于4300万欧元Hasanannualturnoverofnomorethan€43million*欧洲委员会--布鲁塞尔,2003年5月6日EuropeanCommission–BrusselsMay6,20036©2007FairIsaacCorporation.Confidential.设定背景(欧盟):对经济的贡献Settingthecontext(EU):Economicrelevance微型和中小企业对社会和经济起着十分重要的作用Micro,smallandmedium-sizedenterprisesaresociallyandeconomicallyimportant欧盟99%的企业为微型和中小企业Represent99%ofallenterprisesintheEU这些企业提供了6500万个就业机会Providearound65millionjobs为放贷人带来许多业务成长机会Lot’sofgrowthopportunitiesforlenders2004年Eurobarometer对创业精神的调查:在过去三年中,只有4%的欧洲人参与了企业创办(而美国的这一比例接近12%)2004Eurobarometersurveyonentrepreneurship:Only4%ofEuropeansinvolvedinsettingupabusinessinlast3years(USrateiscloseto12%)7©2007FairIsaacCorporation.Confidential.设定背景(拉丁美洲):小企业定义Settingthecontext(LatinAmerica):Smallbusinessdefinition哥伦比亚COLOMBIA员工人数不超过200人NumberofEmployeesupto200年销售额少于100万美元AnnualSalesofupto$1million信贷总额不超过20万美元Creditofupto$200,000小企业的类型TypesofSmallBusinesses:个人独资SoleProprietors合伙制Partnerships公司制Corporations墨西哥MEXICO员工人数不超过100人NumberofEmployeesupto100年销售额不超过50万美元AnnualSalesofupto$500,000信贷总额不超过20万美元Creditofupto$200,000小企业的类型TypesofSmallBusinesses:个人独资SoleProprietors合伙制Partnerships公司制Corporations8©2007FairIsaacCorporation.Confidential.设定背景(拉丁美洲):对经济的贡献Settingthecontext(LatinAmerica):Economicrelevance小企业部门是最大的就业来源,它促进了经济和社会的发展Economicgrowthandsocialdevelopmentbybeingtheleadingsourceofemployment在哥伦比亚,63%的就业机会来自于小企业部门InColombiathesmallbusinesssectoremploys63%ofworkforce在墨西哥,78%的就业机会是由小企业部门创造的InMexico78%ofworkforce绝大部分的产品用于满足国内消费需求Majorityofproductionisforinternalconsumption哥伦比亚25%的国内产出来自小企业部门Colombia25%internalproduction墨西哥68%的国内产出来自小企业部门Mexico68%internalproduction信贷的可获得性对小企业的生存发挥着至关重要的作用Creditavailabilityplaysafundamentalroleforsurvivalofthesmallbusiness小企业较难获得资金和最新技术Smallbusinesseshavelimitedaccesstofundingandconsequentlytothenewesttechnology9©2007FairIsaacCorporation.Confidential.设定背景(美国):小企业的定义Settingthecontext(US):Smallbusinessdefinition年销售额不超过500万美元AnnualSalesofupto$5million信贷额不超过25万美元Creditofupto$250,000小企业的类型TypesofSmallBusinesses:个人独资SoleProprietors合伙制Partnerships公司制Corporations美国”官方“定义The“Official”USDefinition:美国的小企业是指独立拥有和经营的,在其行业领域不占主导地位的,符合美国小企业管理局发布的(《联邦法规汇编》第13篇第121条,修订条款)有关小企业的员工人数、平均年销售额或其它划分指标的企业AsmallbusinessisaU.S.businessthatisindependentlyownedandoperated,isnotdominantinitsfieldofoperationandcanqualifyundercriteriaconcerningnumberofemployees,averageannualreceiptsorothercriteriaasoutlinedbytheU.S.SmallBusinessAdministration(CFRTitle13,Part121,asamended)企业规模标准依据不同行业和行业分类来决定。没有一个固定的规则…是一个复杂的随时可能变动的目标SizestandardsaredeterminedbyIndustryandIndustryClassification.Noonerule…acomplexmovingtarget美国小企业局曾于2004年考虑将小企业定义中的员工人数指标扩大到1500人。TheSBAdefinitionmaychangein2004toincludebusinesseswithupto1500employees10©2007FairIsaacCorporation.Confidential.设定背景(美国):对经济的贡献Settingthecontext(US):Economicrelevance传统上,美国的企业被划分为大型、中型和小型U.S.businessesweretraditionallyclassifiedaseitherlarge,mediumorsmall个人独资企业大约占了企业总数的73%Approximately73%ofbusinessesaresoleproprietorships另外6%为合伙制企业Another6%arelegallyfiledaspartnerships,21%为私营公司制企业21%arefiledasprivatecorporations美国人口调查局1997年的研究显示,按员工人数和年销售额这两个指标进行划分,全国98%的个人独资企业、合伙制企业和私营公司制企业都是小企业。1997studyconductedbytheU.S.CensusBureau,98%ofsoleproprietorships,partnershipsandprivatecorporationsareconsideredsmallbusinessesbaseduponemployeesizeandannualsalesvolume.11©2007FairIsaacCorporation.Confidential.设定背景(美国):对经济的贡献Set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