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国际保理业务中国银行总行公司金融总部（国际结算）刘畅2010年11月4日内容一、国际保理业务基本概念二、国际保理业务产品营销三、国际保理业务风险管理四、中国银行业协会保理专业委员会(FAC)、国际保理商联合会（FCI）简介国际保理业务基本概念一、国际保理的定义二、国际保理的基本流程三、国际保理在我国的发展概况国际保理的定义•保付代理的简称，英文是FACTORING•出口商将现在或将来的基于其与进口商订立的货物销售/服务合同所产生的应收帐款转让给保理商，由保理商为出口商提供：–贸易融资–信用风险控制与坏帐担保–销售分户帐管理–帐款催收国际保理的基本流程•四个当事方：出口商、进口商、出口保理商、进口保理商•三个环节：–额度申请与核准–出单与融资–催收与结算国际保理的基本流程进口保理商（买方保理商）出口保理商（卖方保理商）进口商出口商1.商务洽谈2.申请6.签署协议7.出运货物8.发票转让3.额度申请5.核准额度8.发票转让9.融资4.信用评估10.付款11.款项划拨12.结算国际保理的基本流程•一个重要问题：争议（DISPUTE)，因进口商对出口商的履约行为有异议而影响其对应收帐款的付款•保理商对争议的处理：由于保理商承担的是进口商的信用风险，而非出口商的履约风险，故产生争议，保理商可向出口商行使追索权，追回先前的融资；只要争议在约定的时间内得到有利于出口商的解决，则保理商仍继续承担进口商的信用风险•出口商应在销售合同中列入质量认证条款以及争议解决机制条款常用EDI报文•StageMessageFlowFrequency1Seller'sInformationSeller-EF-IFEachprospectiveseller2PreliminaryCreditAssessmentRequestSeller-EF-IFEachprospectivebuyer3PreliminaryCreditAssessmentResponseIF-EF-sellerEachpreliminaryassessment4PricingInformationIF-EFEachcommissionquote1FactoringAgreementSignedSeller-EF-IFEachcontractsignedNegotiation常用EDI报文•StageMessageFlowFrequency5RequestforCreditCoverSeller-EF-IFEachbuyer6CreditCoverIF-EF-sellerEachcreditdecision7RevisionCreditCoverRequestSeller-EF-IFEachrevisionrequest8RevisionCreditCoverResponseIF-EF-sellerEachrevisionreplyCreditCovers常用EDI报文•StageMessageFlowFrequency9Invoices&CreditNotesSeller-EF-IFEachinvoice10AdjustmentofInvoice&CreditNoteEF-IFEachadjustmentInvoicing常用EDI报文•StageMessageFlowFrequency11PaymentIF-EF-sellerEachpayment12IndirectPaymentSeller-EF-IFEachpayment13PaymentUnderGuaranteeIF-EF-sellerEachpayment18RemittanceIF-EFEachremittanceCollections常用EDI报文•StageMessageFlowFrequencyBuyer-IF-EF-sellerorseller-EF-IF-buyerBuyer-IF-EF-sellerorseller-EF-IF-buyer16ChargeBack&ReassignmentIF-EF-sellerEachchargeback14DisputeEachdispute15InformationorSettlementDisputeEachdevelopmentDisputes常用EDI报文•StageMessageFlowFrequencyCommission,Charges17FactoringCommission&OtherChargesIF-EFEachcommissioninvoiceAdministration,Accounting16ChargeBack&ReassignmentIF-EF-sellerEachchargebackTermination19TerminationFactoringAgreement/NegotiationsEF-IFEachterminationMaintenanceFSBCTable20ChangeFSBCEF-IFEachtimeaFSBCentryischanged国际保理在我国的发展概况•起步–上世纪80年代末，保理被引入中国，中国银行开始与一些国外保理商配合，试办国际保理业务–1992年，中国银行正式开办国际保理业务，并于1993年加入全球最大的保理商组织－国际保理商联合会（FCI)。1994年，交通银行开始办理国际保理业务，同年加入FCI–一直到1999年，中国的国际保理业务处于一个缓慢发展的阶段国际保理在我国的发展概况•高速发展：从2000年开始，中国的国际保理业务进入高速发展时期–大量银行开办国际保理业务：到目前为止，至少有20家银行正式开办了国际保理业务。FCI的中国会员达到了19家–保理业务量呈几何级增长–国际保理业务品种逐渐丰富：从原来的出口保理一种发展到进口保理、出口商业发票贴现等MBCNFactorsCountryFactorCodeCompanyName1ChinaCN00100BankofChina,H.O.2ChinaCN00300BankofCommunications3ChinaCN00500ChinaEverbrightBank4ChinaCN00600ChinaCITICBank5ChinaCN00700ChinaConstructionBank6ChinaCN00800ShanghaiPudongDevelopmentBank7ChinaCN00900AgriculturalBankofChinaLimited8ChinaCN01000IndustrialandCommercialBankofChina9ChinaCN01100HSBCBank(China)CompanyLimited10ChinaCN01200ChinaMerchantsBankCo.,Limited11ChinaCN01300ChinaMinshengBankingCorporationLimited12ChinaCN01400BankofShanghaiCo.,Ltd.13ChinaCN01500ShenzhenDevelopmentBankCo.,Ltd.14ChinaCN01600TheExport-ImportBankofChina15ChinaCN01700HuaXiaBankCo.,Limited16ChinaCN01800StandardCharteredBank(China)Limited17ChinaCN01900IndustrialBankCo.,Ltd.18ChinaCN02000BankofJiangsuCo.,Ltd.19ChinaCN02100GuangDongDevelopmentBankCo.,Ltd.国际保理在我国的发展概况（EF累计）RANKEFCODEEFNAMEGrossTurnoverInvNoAmountofCrNCrNNoNetTurnover占比1CN00100BankofChina1,377,818,230.572,67813,471.7571,377,804,758.8227%2CN01200ChinaMerchantsBank639,138,122.983,905324,947.6252638,813,175.3613%3CN01300ChinaMinshengBankingCorporation582,340,948.645,17310,086.232582,330,862.4112%4TW00800HSBCBank(Taiwan)431,360,326.2414,520174.571431,360,151.679%5TW01600TaipeiFubonCommercialBank424,378,233.157,75700424,378,233.158%6TR00600YapiKrediFaktoring419,261,219.0016,460889,500.2387418,371,718.778%7TR01600TEBFaktoring376,900,022.6310,70034,180.0810376,865,842.557%8TW01000ChinatrustCommercialBank332,287,185.865,322971,042.9431331,316,142.927%9GR00800EFGFactors(EurobankFactors)255,704,708.614,803664,100.97174255,040,607.645%10TW00500MegaInternationalCommercialBank223,128,198.0810,20414,344.6015223,113,853.484%5,059,395,346.77TOPTENEXPORTFACTOR(YeartoDate),Amount:inEURDate:OCT8,2010国际保理在我国的发展概况（对比09）comparison(YEARTODATE),inEuroOCT8,2010200920101CN00100BankofChina1,050,014,4071,377,804,75931%2CN01200ChinaMerchantsBank228,970,745638,813,175179%3CN01300ChinaMinshengBankingCorporation34,579,909582,330,8621584%4CN00800ShanghaiPudongDevelopmentBank30,097,33190,605,208201%5CN01100HSBCChina67,652,22358,800,159-13%6CN00300BankofCommunications37,961,58748,814,68129%7CN00700ChinaConstructionBank51,123,01641,607,203-19%8CN00600ChinaCITICBank7,204,15616,549,000130%9CN01000IndustrialCommercialBankofChina34,679,61815,238,305-56%10CN01500ShenzenDevelopmentBank4,819,96614,903,326209%11CN00500ChinaEverbrightBank13,029,66811,726,701-10%12CN01400BankofShanghai24,124,6283,882,948-84%13CN00900AgriculturalBankofChina5,623,6153,689,803-34%14CN01800StandardCharteredBank75,1983,056,6643965%15CN01900IndustrialBankCo.,Ltd0500,693N/A1,589,956,0672,908,323,48783%RANK同比