组织的管理层次和业务流

BusinessSchool,SDJUChinese-EnglishBilingualTeachingForLogistics&SupplyChainManagementChapter4.LogisticsInformationManagement姜阵剑[e-mail],SDJULICTthecollectionanalysisandevaluationofdatathetransferofinformationFlowsofinformationinlogisticsandsupplychainsThetimingandqualityoftheinformationBusinessSchool,SDJU组织的管理层次和业务流高层决策层（战略层）中间管理层（战术层）执行管理层（操作/作业层）策划人事制造市场营销财务日常管理DSSMISEDP/TPS人员流事务流资金流物资流信息流领导职能组织职能计划职能控制职能作业职能BusinessSchool,SDJUTherearedifferentlevelsofinformationrequiredinlogistics.Thesedifferentlevelsandfunctionscanbeidentifiedasthestrategic,tacticalandoperationallevels.InformationatthestrategiclevelPurchasing:e.g.informationaboutalternativesuppliersProduction:e.g.informationtohelpdetermineproductranges1.DefinitionBusinessSchool,SDJUInventory:e.g.informationtohelpdecideonformatofstockholdingWarehousing:e.g.informationtohelpindecidingonusinganown-accountoperationorthirdpartycontractorsTransportation:e.g.informationtohelpindecisiontobuyorleasevehiclesMarketing:e.g.informationondemographicpatterns1.DefinitionBusinessSchool,SDJUInformationatthetacticallevelmedium-toshort-termplanningforecasting,schedulingandresourceplanning.middlemanagers1.DefinitionBusinessSchool,SDJUPurchasing→assistwithorderschedulingProduction→assistindecidingrunlengthsInventory→assistinsettingstocklevelsWarehousing→resourcelevelsneededTransportation→routingandschedulingandprovisionMarketing→assistinplanningseasonalorders1.DefinitionBusinessSchool,SDJUInformationattheoperationallevelshorter-termtominute-by-minutedecisionscontingenciesandchangesfirstlinemanagementandoperatives1.DefinitionBusinessSchool,SDJUPurchasing→helpdecidewhentoplaceorderswithsuppliersProduction→release(出库)ofrawmaterialsfromstockInventory→schedulingsupplierordersWarehousing→pickinglistsTransportation→deliverynotesMarketing→orderreceiving1.DefinitionBusinessSchool,SDJUManyofthetechniquesinlogistics,relyontheelectronicgatheringandmanipulationofdata.Electroniccommunicationenablesautomaticdecision-making,themodelingofproposedchanges,automatictrackingcontrol,automaticgenerationofperformancemonitoringandcontrol.2.InformationApplicationBusinessSchool,SDJUModelingproposedchangesProposed（所提议的，建议的，alternative）changestooperationsandnetworkscanbemodeledsothattheeffectscanbeassessedandthendecisionstaken.acompanymaywishtochangethewayitschedulesitsvehicleoperations.2.InformationApplicationBusinessSchool,SDJUAutomatictrackingcontrol–Automatictrackingcontrolofvehicles,loadsandassets.2.InformationApplicationBusinessSchool,SDJUEDI标准用户文件发送方用户文件接收方平台文件标准文件标准文件平台文件X.25或PSTN等传输网络加封对照翻译解封EDI作业流程图EDI标准指的是各企业共同的交流标准，是数据交换的翻译，它使得遵循这一标准的企业与组织能进行电子数据交换作业流程。如图BusinessSchool,SDJUEDI系统的类型目前最常用的EDI系统主要有两种类型：单对多EDI系统和增值网（VAN），如图制造商零售商供应商供应商供应商制造商/零售商制造商/零售商制造商/零售商第三方供应商供应商供应商单对多EDI系统、VAN系统BusinessSchool,SDJU物流EDI所谓物流EDI是指货主、承运业主以及其他相关单位之间通过EDI系统进行物流数据交换，以此为基础实施物流活动的方法，其框架结构如图所示。相关单位（仓储等）协作单位（金融保险）承运业主货主（厂商、贸易商）电子数据交换（EDI）物流EDI框架结构BusinessSchool,SDJU3.UseofEDIintheSupplyChainEPOStechnologyisthecaptureofdataonelectronicfilesatthepointwhereasaletakesplace.supermarketcheckoutFromthecustomer’spointofviewFromthestore’spointofviewquantitiessoldofeachproductstockrecordsareupdatedautomatically.BusinessSchool,SDJUEPOSdataissentviaEDItotheretailer’sregionalwarehousesandtotheirHeadquarters.Thistriggersreplenishmentfromretailer’sstockandtriggersreplenishmentfromthemanufacturer’sstocktotheretailer’swarehouse.shortenleadtimesandlowerstocklevels.3.UseofEDIintheSupplyChainBusinessSchool,SDJU4.LOGISTICSNETWORKING上海联华超市集团EDI应用系统系统结构:BusinessSchool,SDJUGPS技术全球定位系统（GlobalPositioningSystem）GPS系统的特点全球定位精度高功能多，应用广RadioFrequencyIdentification(RFID)射频识别---athletesattheSpecialOlympicGamesBusinessSchool,SDJUGIS技术地理信息系统地理信息系统(GeographicInformationSystem,简称GIS)是一种能把图形管理系统和数据管理系统有机地结合起来，对各种空间信息进行收集、存储、分析和可视化表达的信息处理与管理系统。Q&A!BusinessSchool,SDJUExercises教材P51