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学研教育内部教材，自家宝贝不外传哦！第1页共n页语法七大语法考试重点一独立主格（一）：独立主格结构的构成：名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词；名词(代词)+形容词；名词(代词)+副词；名词(代词)+不定式；名词(代词)+介词短语构成。（二）独立主格结构的特点：1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。举例：Thetestfinished,webeganourholiday.=Whenthetestwasfinished,webeganourholiday.Thepresidentassassinated,thewholecountrywasindeepsorrow.=Afterthepresidentwasassassinated,thewholecountrywasindeepsorrow.Weatherpermitting,wearegoingtovisityoutomorrow.Thisdone,wewenthome.Themeetinggoneover,everyonetiredtogohomeearlier.Hecameintotheroom,hisearsredwithcold.Hecameoutofthelibrary,alargebookunderhisarm.二过去完成时1）概念：表示过去的过去其构成是had+过去分词构成。2）用法a.在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句。Shesaid(that)shehadneverbeentoParis.b.状语从句在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。Whenthepolicearrived,thethieveshadrunaway.c.表示意向的动词，如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等，用过去完成时表示原本…，未能…Wehadhopedthatyouwouldcome,butyoudidnt.3)过去完成时的时间状语before,by,until,when,after,once,assoonas。HesaidthathehadlearnedsomeEnglishbefore.Bythetimehewastwelve,Edisonhadbegantomakealivingbyhimself.Tomwasdisappointedthatmostoftheguestshadleftwhenhearrivedattheparty.学研教育内部教材，自家宝贝不外传哦！第2页共n页典型例题Thestudents___busilywhenMissBrownwenttogetabookshe___intheoffice.A.hadwritten,leftB，werewriting,hasleftC.hadwritten,hadleftD.werewriting,hadleft注意：hadnosooner…than刚……就……Hehadnosoonerboughtthecarthanhesoldit.三强调结构考试重点：强调句型的基本形式Itis（was）+被强调部分+that（who）…；强调句型用来强调状语。一、强调句型的基本形式Itis（was）+被强调部分+that（who）…。二、强调句型用来强调状语。1、Itwasinthatsmallroom_____theyworkedhardanddreamedofbetterdaystocome.A.whereB.inwhichC.whichd.that2、Itisbecausesheisverydevotedtoherstudents_______sheisrespectedbythem.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.who3、Itwasnotuntilshearrivedinclass_________realizedshehadforgottenherbook.A.andsheB.whenC.sheD.thatshe四情态动词考试重点：情态动词+完成时情态动词用来表示能力、允许、许诺、可能、劝告、意愿等概念或态度。情态动词无人称变化，在句子中和动词原形一起构成谓语。根据这几年的考试看，着重测验情态动词接完成时的用法。一、must+现在完成时表示对已发生的事情的一种肯定的猜测。1、Mr.Green_____myletter,otherwisehewouldhaverepliedbeforenow.A.musthavereceivedB.musthavefailedtoreceiveC.mustreceiveD.mustfailtoreceive2、Ibelievehe_____anaccident,otherwisehewouldhavearrivedontime.A.wouldhavehadB.couldhavehadC.shouldhavehadD.musthavehad二、should（oughtto）+完成时表示应该做的事情而没有做，否定式表示不该做的事情做了。含有对过去的动作的责备、批评。1、Theyhavedonethingstheyought_____.A.nottodoB.nottobedoneC.nottohavedoneD.nothavingdone2、I’msorryIcouldn’tgetintouchwithhimbeforeheleft,I_____himearlier.A.hadatelephoneB.havephonedC.shouldhavephonedD.shouldbephoned三、could+完成时表示能做的事情而没有做。表示对过去能做而未做的事情感到惋惜，遗憾。1、Hecouldhavejoinedus,buthedidn’tgetourinvitationintime.学研教育内部教材，自家宝贝不外传哦！第3页共n页2、Icouldhavepassed,butIdidnotstudyhardenough.五虚拟语气考试重点：虚拟语气的基本形式和用法；if的省略形式；含蓄条件句；以wish（that）引导的表示“愿望”的宾语从句；wouldrather引导的从句；以asif,asthough引导的从句；以suggest,advise,insist等词后引导的宾语从句；Itisnecessary（important）that引导的主语从句；Itistime（that）…句型中。一、虚拟语气的基本形式和用法：虚拟（条件）语气中，主句与从句中谓语动词的形式可分为下面三类：1、IwouldaskGeorgetolendusthemoneyifI_____him.A.hadknownB.haveknownC.knewD.know2、Doyouthinktherewouldbelessconflictintheworldifallpeople_____thesamelanguage?A.spokeB.speakC.hadspokenD.willspeak3、IfBob____withus,hewouldhavehadagoodtime.A.wouldcomeB.wouldhavecomeC.hadcomeD.came二、if的省略形式在虚拟条件句中，如谓语包含were,had,should等词，则可以把这些词放到主语前面，省略if。1、_____youwerebusy,Iwouldnthavebotheredyouwithmyquestions.A.IfIrealizedB.HadIrealizedC.DidIhaverealizedthatD.AsIrealized2、_____,Ishouldaskthemsomequestions.A.ShouldtheycometousB.IftheycometousC.WeretheycometousD.Hadtheycometous三、含蓄条件句有时一个假设的情况不用条件从句表示，而用其它方式来表示，这样的句子叫含蓄条件句。常用with，without，butfor。1、Withoutyourhelp,we_____somuch.A.didn’tachieveB.wouldnothaveachievedC.willnotachieveD.don’tachieve2、Butfortherain,we_____aniceholiday.A.shouldhaveB.wouldhavehadC.wouldhaveD.willhavehad四、以wish（that）引导的表示“愿望”的宾语从句wish后的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气，而在虚拟语气中时态的应用类似在非真实条件中从句时态的应用。表示现在或将来的愿望用：主语＋wish＋从句（主语＋过去时）；表示一个过去没有实现的愿望用：主语＋wish+从句（主语＋过去完成时）；1、Peterwishesthathe_____lawinsteadofliteraturewhenhewasincollege.A.couldstudyB.studiedC.hadstudiedD.wouldstudyIdidn’tgototheparty,butIdowishI_____there.A.wereB.wouldbeC.hadbeenD.willbe学研教育内部教材，自家宝贝不外传哦！第4页共n页五、wouldrather＋句子（过去时）1、I’d_____youdidn’ttouchthat,ifyoudon’tmind.A.ratherB.betterC.happierD.furtherIamtoobusythesedays.Iwouldratherallofyou_____nextmonthforadinner.A.comeB.wouldcomeC.cameD.havecome六、以asif，asthough引导的从句在asif，asthough引导的从句中，如果谈论的是不可能或不真实的情况时，它们所引用的状语从句要用虚拟语气，动词形式和wish后面的从中动词形式变化相同。1、Hetalksasifhe_____everythingintheworld.A.knowsB.knewC.hadknownD.wouldhaveknown2、Youaretalkingasifyouhadseenthem七、以suggest，advise，insist等词后引导的宾语从句中，从句的谓语动词要用should+动词原形，should可以省略。类似的动词有：propose，order，demand，require，request等。1、ThedoctoradvisedthatMr.Malan_____anoperationrightawaysoastosavehislife.A.hadB.wouldhaveC.haveD.wasgoingtohave2、Hismotherinsistedthathe_____thecoatwhengoingout.A.putonB.putsonC.toputD.puttingon八、Itisnecessary/important/urgentthat引导的主语从句中，从句的谓语动词要用should+原形动词，should可以省略。1、It’sdesiredthatshe_____toteachusatleasttwiceaweek.A.comesB.willcomeC.comeD.maycome2、It’surgentthatameeting_____beforethefinaldecisionismade.A.willbearrangedB.mustbearrangedC.bearrangedD.wouldbearranged九