第九章有机化学卤代烃课后答案

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第九章卤代烃1.命名下列化合物。CH2Cl2CH2CH2CH2ClCH2=CCHCH=CHCH2BrCH3Cl1,4-二氯丁烷2-甲基-3-氯-6-溴-1,4-己二烯ClCH3CHBrCHCH2CH3CHCH3CH32-氯-3-己烯2-甲基-3-乙基-4-溴戊烷ClBrCl4-氯溴苯3-氯环己烯F2C=CF2CH3Br四氟乙烯4-甲基-1-溴环己烯2.写出下列化合物的结构式。(1)烯丙基氯(2)苄溴CH2=CHCH2ClCH2Br(3)4-甲基-5-氯-2-戊炔(4)一溴环戊烷CH3CCCHCH2ClCH3Br(5)1-苯基-2-溴乙烷(6)偏二氯乙烯(7)二氟二氯甲烷(8)氯仿CH2CH2BrCL2C=CH2CCl2F2HCCl33.完成下列反应式:CH3CH=CH2+HBrCH3CHCH3BrNaCNCH3CHCH3CN(1)CH3CH=CH2+HBrROORCH3CH2CH2BrH2O(KOH)CH3CH2CH2OH(2)CH3CH=CH2+Cl25000CClCH2CH=CH2Cl2+H2OClCH2CHCH2ClOH(3)+Cl2ClCl2KOH(4)NBSBrKICH3COCH3I(5)CH3CHCHCH3CH3OHPCl5CH3CHCHCH3CH3ClNH3CH3CHCHCH3NH2CH3(6)(CH3)3CBr+KCNC2H5OHCH2=C(CH3)2(7)CH3CHCH3OHPBr5CH3CHCH3BrAgNO3/C2H5OHCH3CHCH3ONO2(8)C2H5MgBr+CH3CH2CH2CH2CCHCH3CH3+CH3CH2CH2CH2CCMgBr(9)ClCH=CHCH2Cl+CH3COONaCH3COOHClCH=CHCH2OOCCH3+NaCl(10)CHCH+KOH(C2H5OH)(1mol)ClC=CClHClCl2CHCHCl22Cl2(11)CH2Cl+NaCNNH3C2H5ONaNaI/CH3COCH3H2O,-OHCH2CH2CH2CH2CH2OC2H5CNNH2IOH(12)4.用方程式表示CH3CH2CH2CH2Br与下列化合物反应的主要产物。(1)CH3CH2CH2CH2OH(2)CH3CH2CH=CH2(3)CH3CH2CH2CH2MgBrCH3CH2CH2CH3HCCMg,(4)CH3CH2CH2CH2I(5)CH3CH2CH2CH2NH2(6)CH3CH2CH2CH2CN(7)CH3CH2CH2CH2ONO2(8)CH3CCCH2CH2CH2CH3(9)CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3(10)CH3CH2CH2CH2N(CH3)25.用化学方法区别下列化合物:解:(1)CH3CH=CHClCH2=CHCH2ClCH3CH2CH2ClBr2,aq褪色褪色不变硝酸银氨溶液不变氯化银沉淀(2)苄氯氯代环己烷氯苯硝酸银氨溶液立即生成氯化银沉淀加热生成氯化银沉淀加热也不反应(3)1-氯戊烷2-溴丁烷1-碘丙烷硝酸银氨溶液生成白色氯化银沉淀生成淡黄色沉淀黄色碘化银沉淀(4)氯苯苄氯2-苯基-1-氯乙烷硝酸银氨溶液不反应生成氯化银沉淀加热才生成氯化银沉淀6.将下列各组化合物按反应速度大小顺序排列:解:(1)按SN1反应:(CH3)3CBr,CH3CH2CHBrCH3CH3CH2CH2CH2Br,(a)(b)CHCH3BrCH2BrCH2CH2Br(2)按SN2反应:(a)CH3CH2CH2Br(CH3)2CHCH2Br(CH3)3CCH2Br(b)CH3CH2CH2CH2BrCH3CH3CH2CHBr(CH3)3CBr7.将下列各组化合物按消去溴化氢难易次序排列,并写出产物的构造式。解:(1)CH3CHCHCH3CH3BrCH3CHCH2CH2BrCH3(CH3)2C=CH2(CH3)2CHCH=CH2(CH3)2C=CHCH3CH3CCH3CH3BrHBrHBrHBr(2)E1:CH3CHBrOCH3CHCH3BrCH3CH3CHBrNO2CH3CHBrCH=CH2CH=CH2CH=CH2CH=CH2OCH3CH3NO28.预测下列各对反应中,何者较快?并说明理由。解:(1)SN2反应,β-分支多不利于进攻:CH3CH2CH2CH2CNCH3CH2CHCH2CNCH3(2)SN1反应,叔正碳离子稳定性大于仲正碳离子:(CH3)3Br(CH3)2CHBr(3)-SH的亲核能力大于-OH:NaSHNaOH.(4)Br-的离去能力大于Cl-:(CH3)2CHCH2Br(CH3)2CHCH2Cl.9.卤代烷与氢氧化钠在水和乙醇混合物中进行反应,指出那些属于SN1历程?那些属于SN2历程?解:(2),(4),(5)属于SN1历程;(1),(3),(6),(7)属于SN2历程。10.下列各步反应有无错误(孤立地看),如有的话,试指出错误的地方。解:(1)(A)应如下式,(B)错,不反应:CH3CH=CH2HOBr(A)CH3CHCH2BrOH(2)(B)为消除反应,生成烯烃NaCN(B)(CH3)3CCl+NaCN(CH3)2C=CH2(3)(A)正确,(B)错,正确为:(B)CH2BrBrCH2OHBrNaOH,H2O(4)正确为:CH2CHCH2CH3BrKOH(C2H5OH)(A)CH=CHCH2CH311.合成下列化合物。解:(1)CH3CHCH3BrKOH/C2H5OHCH3CH=CH2+HBrROORCH3CH2CH2Br(2)CH3CHCH3ClKOH/C2H5OHCH3CH=CH2B2H6(CH3CH2CH2)3BNaOH,H2O2CH3CH2CH2OHPCl3CH3CH2CH2Cl(3)CH3CHCH3ClKOH/C2H5OHCH3CH=CH2Br2CH3CHBrCH2Br2KOH,C2H5OHCH3CCH2HClCH3CClCH3Cl(4)CH2CHCH2ClClClCH3CHCH3BrKOH,C2H5OHCH3CH=CH2Cl25000CClCH2CH=CH2Cl2(5)CH3CH=CH2Cl25000CCH2ClCH=CH2Cl2,H2O+CH2CHCH2ClOHClCa(OH)2CH2ClCHOCH2NaOH,H2OCH2CHCH2OHOHOHCH2CHCH2ClClOH(6)HOCH2CCH3CH=CH2Cl2CH3CHClCH2Cl2KOH/C2H5OHCH3CCH5000CClCH2CCHNaOH,H2OCl2CH(7)CH3CHCl2HCl2CHCHKOH/C2H5OH2ClCH2CH2Cl(8)BrCH2CHBr2HBrBrCH=CHBrBr2KOH/C2H5OH2BrCH2CH2BrCHCH(9)NCCH2CH2CH2CH2CNKCN2BrCH2CH2CH2CH2BrH2/Ni2BrCH2CH=CHCH2BrBr2CH2=CHCH=CH2(10)ClCH=CCl2KOH/C2H5OHCl2Cl22CH2=CCl2KOH/C2H5OHClCH2CHCl2HClClCH=CHClCl2CHCHCHCHCl2(11)ClHClCl25000CClOHNaOH,H2O(12)CH3CH2OHCH3CH3CH3CH3(CH2O)3,HClCH2ClNaOH/H2OCH3(13)CH3CH2CH2BrHBrCH3CH=CH2Cl2CH3CHClCH2ClCH3CH2CH2BrCH3CCCH2CH2CH32KOH/C2H5OHCH3CCHNaCH3CCNa12.解:CH3CCH3CH2CH3CH3CCH3CH2CH3CH3CCH3CH2CH3BrClIX-CH3OHH+CH3CH3C=CHCH3CH2=CCH2CH3CH3CH3CCH3CH2CH3+CH3COCH3CH3CH2CH3H+13.解:BrCH3CH2CHOCH2CHO(A)(B)(C)BrhvKOHEtOHO3Zn,H2O14.解:CH3CH2CHCH=CH2CH3CH3CH2CHCH=CH2CH3HBrCH3CH2CHCHCH3CH3BrH2/NiCH3CH3CH2CHCH2CH3(B)(A):(B)无旋光性。15.解:(A):CH3CH=CHCH2BrKMnO4CH3CHCHCH2BrOHOHCH3CH=CHCH2OHH2/NiCH3CH=CHCH2Br+Br2CH3CHBrCHBrCH2Br(B)CH3CH=CHCH2BrNaOH,H2OCH3CH=CHCH2OH+CH3CHCH=CH2OH(C)(D)CH3CHCH=CH2OHH2/NiCH3CHCH2CH3OH(E)CH3CH2CH2CH2OH(F)CH3CHCH2CH3OHH2OCH3CH=CHCH3CH3CH2CH2CH2OHH2OCH3CH2CH=CH2。

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