18.38.38.38.38.38.38.38.3PERIODICSYSTEMOFELEMENTSPERIODICSYSTEMOFELEMENTSPERIODICSYSTEMOFELEMENTSPERIODICSYSTEMOFELEMENTSPERIODICSYSTEMOFELEMENTSPERIODICSYSTEMOFELEMENTSPERIODICSYSTEMOFELEMENTSPERIODICSYSTEMOFELEMENTS原子的电子层结构和元素周期律原子的电子层结构和元素周期律原子的电子层结构和元素周期律原子的电子层结构和元素周期律原子的电子层结构和元素周期律原子的电子层结构和元素周期律原子的电子层结构和元素周期律原子的电子层结构和元素周期律2222上节8.3.28.3.28.3.28.3.2PPPPeriodicityeriodicityeriodicityeriodicityofelementpropertiesofelementpropertiesofelementpropertiesofelementproperties返回章下章8.38.38.38.3PERIODICSYSTEMOFELEMENTSPERIODICSYSTEMOFELEMENTSPERIODICSYSTEMOFELEMENTSPERIODICSYSTEMOFELEMENTS8.3.18.3.18.3.18.3.1ElectronConfigurationandElectronConfigurationandElectronConfigurationandElectronConfigurationandelementperiodictableelementperiodictableelementperiodictableelementperiodictable33331111.period.period.period.period((((周期周期周期周期)))):::: 6666休息8.3.1ElectronConfigurationandelementperiodictable8.3.1ElectronConfigurationandelementperiodictable8.3.1ElectronConfigurationandelementperiodictable8.3.1ElectronConfigurationandelementperiodictableAperiodisahorizontalrowofthetable.Theperiodicnumbers=Thenumbersofelectronshellsofaatom.(SubtractforPd)Thetotalnumberofelectronshellsanatomhasdeterminestheperiodtowhichitbelongs.44442.2.2.2.Group(Group(Group(Group(族族族族):):):):6666休息8.3.1ElectronConfigurationandelementperiodictable8.3.1ElectronConfigurationandelementperiodictable8.3.1ElectronConfigurationandelementperiodictable8.3.1ElectronConfigurationandelementperiodictableAgroupisaverticalcolumnofthetable.Maingroup=ElelctronnumbersoftheoutermostelectronicshellSubgroup:(ⅠB~ⅡB)=Electronnumbersoftheoutermostelectronicshell(ⅢB~ⅫB)=Electronnumbersinnsand(n-1)delectronicshell5555各周期元素与相应能级组的关系各周期元素与相应能级组的关系各周期元素与相应能级组的关系各周期元素与相应能级组的关系各周期元素与相应能级组的关系各周期元素与相应能级组的关系各周期元素与相应能级组的关系各周期元素与相应能级组的关系周期周期周期周期周期周期周期周期能级组能级组能级组能级组能级组能级组能级组能级组能级中原子轨道能级中原子轨道能级中原子轨道能级中原子轨道能级中原子轨道能级中原子轨道能级中原子轨道能级中原子轨道电子最大容量电子最大容量电子最大容量电子最大容量电子最大容量电子最大容量电子最大容量电子最大容量元素数目元素数目元素数目元素数目元素数目元素数目元素数目元素数目111111111111ssss222222222222ssss2222pppp333333333333ssss3333pppp444444444444ssss3333dddd4444pppp555555555555ssss4444dddd5555pppp666666666666ssss4444ffff5555dddd6666pppp777777777777ssss5555ffff6666dddd((((未完未完未完未完))))222222228888888888888888181818181818181818181818181818183232323232323232尚未布满尚未布满尚未布满尚未布满23(23(23(23(未完未完未完未完))))8.3.1ElectronConfigurationandelementperiodictable8.3.1ElectronConfigurationandelementperiodictable8.3.1ElectronConfigurationandelementperiodictable8.3.1ElectronConfigurationandelementperiodictable6666元素周期表元素周期表元素周期表元素周期表33336666主族元素主族元素主族元素主族元素副族元素副族元素副族元素副族元素过渡元素过渡元素过渡元素过渡元素内过渡元素内过渡元素内过渡元素内过渡元素零族零族零族零族nsnsnsns1~21~21~21~2nsnsnsns2222npnpnpnp1~61~61~61~6((((nnnn-1)-1)-1)-1)dddd1~101~101~101~10ssss1~21~21~21~2((((nnnn-2)-2)-2)-2)ffff1~141~141~141~14ssss区区区区pppp区区区区dddd区区区区dsdsdsds区区区区ffff区区区区超铀元素超铀元素超铀元素超铀元素↓↓↓↓↑↑↑↑8.3.1ElectronConfigurationandelementperiodictable8.3.1ElectronConfigurationandelementperiodictable8.3.1ElectronConfigurationandelementperiodictable8.3.1ElectronConfigurationandelementperiodictable27777Theelementperiodictableisdividedintofourblock4444个区个区个区个区::::3.3.3.3.blockblockblockblock((((区区区区):):):):目录3333休息8.3.1ElectronConfigurationandelementperiodictable8.3.1ElectronConfigurationandelementperiodictable8.3.1ElectronConfigurationandelementperiodictable8.3.1ElectronConfigurationandelementperiodictableAblockblockblockblockoftheelementperiodictableisasetofadjacentgroupss-blockp-blockd-blockf-block8888Elementsinthesameperiodorthesomegroupshowtrendsinatomicradius,Ionizationenergy,electronaffinityandelectronegativity.Atomicradius,,,,Ionizationenergy,,,,ElectronaffinityandElectronegativity,etc.8.3.2P8.3.2P8.3.2P8.3.2PeriodicityeriodicityeriodicityeriodicityofelementpropertiesofelementpropertiesofelementpropertiesofelementpropertiesTheparametersofatom(Theparametersofatom(Theparametersofatom(Theparametersofatom(原子参数原子参数原子参数原子参数):):):):PPPPeriodicityeriodicityeriodicityeriodicityofelementproperties:ofelementproperties:ofelementproperties:ofelementproperties:9999198pm198pm198pm198pm←←←←360pm360pm360pm360pm→→→→③Metallicradius:Metallicradius:Metallicradius:Metallicradius:②VanVanVanVanderderderderWaalWaalWaalWaalradiusradiusradiusradius::::180pm180pm180pm180pm99pm99pm99pm99pm氯原子的氯原子的氯原子的氯原子的共价半径共价半径共价半径共价半径氯原子的氯原子的氯原子的氯原子的范德华半范德华半范德华半范德华半径径径径①Covalentradius:Covalentradius:Covalentradius:Covalentradius:256pm256pm256pm256pm铜原子半径铜原子半径铜原子半径铜原子半径1.1.1.1.AtomicradiusAtomicradiusAtomicradiusAtomicradius((((原子半径原子半径原子半径原子半径):):):):128128128128pmpmpmpm休息8.3.2P8.3.2P8.3.2P8.3.2Periodicityeriodicityeriodicityeriodicityofelementpropertiesofelementpropertiesofelementpropertiesofelementproperties10101010MainMainMainMaininfluencingfactorsinfluencingfactorsinfluencingfactorsinfluencingfactors::::①ZZZZ****;;;;②n.n.n.n.....变化规律变化规律变化规律变化规律....12121212休息8.3.2P8.3.2P8.3.2P8.3.2Periodicityeriodicityeriodicityeriodicityofelementpropertiesofelementpropertiesofelementpropertiesofelementproperties11111111主主主主族族族族元元元元素素素素rulerulerulerule主族元素原子半径主族元素原子半径主族元素原子半径主族元素原子半径8.3.2P8.3.