整理好的宾语从句详细讲解(全)

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1宾语从句讲解宾语从句(TheObjectClause)学习宾语从句要抓住三要素:连接词、语序和时态。一宾语从句的定义宾语从句在复合句中起宾语的作用,可以作动词的宾语,也可以做介词的宾语作动词的宾语:Iheardthathewouldcomeherelateron.主语谓语动词一个句子作宾语作介词的宾语:Hesaidnothingaboutwhobrokethewindowlastnight.主语谓语动词代词作动词的宾语介词一个句子作介词的宾语在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。二宾语从句中引导词(连接词)的用法在复合句中作主句的宾语,引导词有:连词:that(that常可省略),whether,if代词:who,whose,what,which副词:when,where,how,why等。①连词:Hetoldme(thathewould)gotothecollegethenextyear他告诉我他明年上大学.Idon’tknowiftherewillbeabusanymore.我不知道是否还会有公交车.Nobodyknewwhetherhecouldpasstheexam.没有人知道他是否会通过考试.当由陈述句充当宾语从句时,用that引导,that无词义,在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如:Hesaidthathecouldfinishhisworkbeforesupper.他说他会在晚饭前完成工作。that引导的宾语从句(在非正式场合that可以省略)可跟that从句做宾语的动词有:say,think,wish,hope,imagine,wonder,know,suppose,see,believe,agree,admit,expect,order,feel,dream,suggest,hear,mean,notice,request,require,等。Theboybelievesthathewilltravelthroughspacetootherplanets.注:宾语从句的否定转移当主句谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,expect等词,而宾语从句的意思是否定时,常把否定转移至主句表示。Idon’tthinkitisrightforhimtotreatyoulikethat.主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.Idon’tbelievethatmaniskilledbyJim,ishe?我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的,是不是?IexpectourEnglishteacherwillbebackthisweekend,won'tshe/he?Wesupposeyouhavefinishedtheproject,haven'tyou?如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词(不包含带有否定前缀的词,如:unhappy,unfair,dislike等),其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.Wefindthatheneverlistenstotheteachercarefully,doeshe?我们发现他从不仔细听老师讲课,是不是?当主句的主语是第二、三人称时,其反义疑问句一般与主句保持一致。Yoursistersupposessheneedsnohelp,doesn'tshe?Youthoughttheycouldhavecompletedtheproject,didn'tyou?Theydon'tbelieveshe'sanengineer,dothey?Shedoesn'texpectthatwearecomingsosoon,doesshe?在以下情况中that不能省略21、当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时,第一个that可省,但后面的that不可省。Ibelieve(that)youhavedoneyourbestandthatthingswillgetbetter.2、当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时,that一般不可省。JustthenInoticed,forthefirsttime,thatourmasterwaswearinghisfinegreencoatandhisblacksilkcap.3、当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时,that不可省。Ican’ttellhimthathismotherdied.4、当it作形式宾语时例句:Shemadeitclearthatshehadnothingtodowithhim.许多带复合宾语的句子,that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部,而用it作形式宾语。5、当宾语从句前置时Thatourteamwillwin,Ibelieve.6、当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时;2)当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时,用if或whether引导,意为“是否”。如:Idon'tknowif/whetherhestillliveshereaftersomanyyears.我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。Whether与If使用区分由whether,if引导的宾语从句当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时,用if或whether引导,意为“是否”。如:Idon'tknowif/whetherhestillliveshereaftersomanyyears.我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。但在下列情况下只能用whether,不能用if:①在具有选择意义,又有or或ornot时,尤其是直接与ornot连用时,往往用whether(if…ornot也可以使用)。如:Letmeknowwhether/ifhewillcomeornot.(=Letmeknowwhetherornothewillcome)让我知道他是否能来。Idon'tknowwhether/ifhedoesanywashingornot.(=Idon'tknowwhetherornothedoesanywashing.)我不知道他洗不洗衣服。Iwonderwhetherwestayorwhetherwego.我不知道我们是去还是留。②在介词之后用whether。如:I'minterestedinwhetherhelikesEnglish.我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。③在不定式前用whether。如:Hehasn'tdecidedwhethertovisittheoldman.他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。④whether置于句首时,不能换用if。如:Whetherthisistrueornot,Ican'tsay.这是否真的我说不上来。⑤引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。如:Whethershewillcomeornotisstillaquestion.她是否能来还是个问题。⑥若用if会引起歧义时,则用whether。如:Pleaseletmeknowifyoulikethebook.可理解为:b.Ifyoulikethebook,pleaseletmeknow.你如果喜欢这本书,请告诉我只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句1、if引导条件状语从句,意为“如果”Thestudentswillgoonapicnicifitissunny.2、if引导否定概念的宾语从句时HeaskedifIdidn’tcometoschoolyesterday.3、引导状语从句evenif(即使)和asif(好象)时Hetalksasifhehasknownallaboutit.3)如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句,只需用原来的特殊疑问词引导。如:3Couldyoutellmewhyyouwerelateforthemeetingthismorning?你能告诉我今天早上你为什么开会迟到吗?连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的,宾语从句要用陈述句语序。连接代词:who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。连接代词一般指疑问,但what,whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述.DoyouknowwhohaswonRedAlertgame?你知道是谁赢得了红色警报的游戏么?ThebookwillshowyouwhatthebestCEOsshouldknow.这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解什么.Haveyoudeterminedwhicheveryoushouldbuy,aMotorolaorNokiacellphone?你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗?连接副词有:when,where,why,how,在句中担任状语的成分。Hedidn’ttellmewhenweshouldmeetagain.他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.Couldyoupleasetellmehowyouusethenewpanel?你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗?Noneofusknowswherethesenewpartscanbebought.没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到.练习题(1)Idon’tknow___________ornot.A.whetherheisathomeB.ifheisathomeC.thatheisathomeD.whetherisheathome(2)Thisdependson_________theweatherisfine.A.whichB.whetherC.ifD.that(3)Theteacheraskedthenewstudent________classhewasin.A.whichB.whereC.ifD.that(4)Idon’tknow________Mr.Greenwillcometoseeus.He’llhelpuswithourEnglish.A.whyB.whenC.howD.where(5)---Becareful!Don’tbreakthebottles.Doyouhear______Isaid?David?---Yes,MumA.whatB.thatC.whyD.if(6)---Doyouknow_______MrBlack’saddressis?---HemayliveatNO.18orNo.19ofBridgeStreet.I’mnotsureof______.A.where,whichB.where,whatC.what,whichD.what,where(7)Thereisnotmuchdifferencebetweenthetwo.Ireallydon’tknow_____.A.whatshouldIchooseB.whichIshouldchooseC.whichshouldIchooseD.whatIshouldchoose三.宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序即:连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分。Idon’tknowwhattheyarelookingfor.Couldyoutellmewhenthetrainwillleave?无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句,宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序,即“主句+连词+宾语从句(主语+谓语+……)”句式。根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分,可分为以下四种:1)连接词+谓语。连接词在从句中作主语。常见的连接词有:who,what,which等。如:Couldyoutellmewhoknowstheanswer,please?你能告诉我谁知道答案吗?Thesmallchildrendon'tknowwhatisintheirstockings.这些小孩子不知道袜子里有什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