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定语从句的用法和精练一、定语从句的概念在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。定语从句在句子中的功能类似于一个形容词用于修饰名词或代词，由于它是以句子为单位的超大号形容词（较长），所以一般放在被修饰的名词或代词的后面，而被修饰的名词或代词放在定语从句前，叫做先行词。二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词。常见的关系代词包括：that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,在从句中做主、宾、表、定语等成分。常见的关系副词包括：where,when,why等。在从句中做时间、地点、原因等状语。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。三、定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去,非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。四、关系代词的用法1.that既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:Marylikesmusicthatisquietandgentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语)Thecoat(that)Iputonthedeskisblue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语)2.which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:Thebuildingwhichstandsnearthetrainstationisasupermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)Thefilm(which)wesawlastnightwaswonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语)3.who,whom用于指人,who用作主语,whom用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用who代替whom,也可省略。例如:ThegirlwhooftenhelpsmewithmyEnglishisfromEngland.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语)Whoistheteacher(whom)LiMingistalkingto?正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语)注意:(1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who,that,which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如:Thisisthehouseinwhichwelivedlastyear.这是我们去年居住的房子。Thisisthehousethatwelivedinlastyear.这是我们去年居住的房子。（这里不能用inthat）PleasetellmefromwhomyouborrowedtheEnglishnovel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。PleasetellmewhoyouborrowedtheEnglishnovelfrom.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。(2)含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。例如:Thisisthepersonwhomyouarelookingfor.这就是你要找的那个人。(3)that作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如:Thecitythatshelivesinisveryfaraway.她居住的城市非常远。(4)关系词只能用that的情况:a.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.他是第一个通过考试的人。b.被修饰的先行词为all,any,much,many,everything,anything,none,theone等不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuyintheshop?你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?c.先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,little,few等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:ThisisthesamebikethatIlost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。d.先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.例如:Whoisthegirlthatiscrying?正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?f.主句是therebe结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which.例如:ThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoTom.桌子上那本书是汤姆的。(5)关系词只能用which,而不用that的情况:a.先行词为that,those时,用which,而不用that.例如:What’sthatwhichisunderthedesk?在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?b.关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that.例如:Thisistheroominwhichhelives.这是他居住的房间。c.引导非限制性定语从句,用which,而不用that.例如:Tomcameback,whichmadeushappy.汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。五、关系副词的用法(1)when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。例如:Thiswasthetimewhenhearrived.这是他到达的时间。(2)where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。例如:Thisisplacewhereheworks.这是他工作的地点。(3)why指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。例如:Nobodyknowsthereasonwhyheisoftenlateforschool.没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。一、用关系代词（that、which、who、whom、whose）或关系副词（when、where、why）填空。1．Thisistheman_______________wantstoseeyou.2．Thestudent__________________answeredthequestionisZhangHua.3．Theman_________________youwenttoseehascome.4．Theman__________________Imetyesterdaylentmesomemoney.5．Thewoman______________________yousawisourgeographyteacher.6．Hereisthepen________________youlostthedaybeforeyesterday.7．Thesebooks____________________youlentmewereveryuseful.8．Aclockisamachine__________________tellspeoplethetime.9．Thisistheshirt______________________Iboughtyesterday.10．Thebook___________________isonthetableismine.11．Thefilm___________________theyaretalkingaboutisveryinteresting.12．Iwillneverforgetthepeopleandtheplaces____________Ihaveevervisited.13．Isthereanyone___________________familyisinBeijing?14．Showmetheboy______________motherisawell-knownsinger.15．Theboy_____________fatherisateacherisgoodatEnglish.16.Idontknowthereason__________________hewaslatefortheclass.17．Abirthdayisthedate____________onewasborn.18．Doyouknowthereason________noonequestionedAristotle'stheoryforabout2,000years?19．Doyoustillrememberthedays___________________wespenttogetherlastterm?20．Shanghaiisthecity______________Iwasborn.21．Thehouse_____________Ilivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.22．Istillremembertheday______________Ifirstcametotheschool.23．Thetime______________wegottogetherfinallycame.24．Pleasetellmethereason______________youmissedtheplane.25.Idon’tknowthereason_______________helooksunhappytoday.26．Everything_____________Iknowwillbetaughttothestudents.27．Thisisthebestfilm_____________Ihaveeverseen.28．Themanagerwalkedtowardthegate____________theworkersarewaiting.29.Youcan’tgointothisroom____________theyarehavingameeting.30．Istillrememberthedays_____________westudiedtogether.31．Thepicture____________hasahouseandflowersistheoneIlikebest.32．Hefailedintheexam,_____________surprisedusall.33.Herparentswouldn’tlethermarryanyone____________familywaspoor.34．Tom,____________parentsarepoorworkers,alwaysgoeshungry.二、单项选择。()1.Thisisthebag_____mymotherboughtyesterday.A.thatB.whoC.whomD.this()2.Theman_____livesnexttousismyEnglishteacher.A.whomB.whichC.whoD./()3.Thegirl_____yousawinthestreetisMary.A.thatB.whoseC.whichD.as()4.Isthisthefactory_____alotofstudentsvisitedyesterday?A.theoneB.whichC.whoD.whom()5.Isthisfactory_____alotofstudentsvisitedyesterday?A.theoneB.thatC.whichD./()6.Theonlylangu