2012届高考英语语法专题复习介词考点汇总介词不能单独使用,必须后跟宾语,构成介词短语在句中使用,介词短语由介词+宾语构成,在句中可作状语、定语和表语等。in,on,to,with,by,for,at,from,up,beyond,before,among,of,off,against,like,since,besides,behind,during等aboutbeaboutto…即将做……What/Howabout…?……怎么样for交换:Hesoldthehousefor50,000yuan.达到某一数值:Shewroteacheckfor£20.赞成,拥护:I’mforgettingupearlyandgoingtobedearly.固定搭配:foronething首先forexample例如forever永远forthetimebeing暂时,目前forinstance例如forfree免费forthefirsttime第一次forsale出售,待售watchoutfor警惕longfor渴望forone’sgood为(某人)好with和……一起::HeisplayingtabletenniswithTom.用……工具:Don’twritewithapencil.随着:Theweatherchangeswithseasons.带有,具有:Ourcompanyneedspeoplewithspecializedknowledge.行为方式:Handlewithcare!原因:Sheshiveredwithcold.注意:with的复合结构:常在句中作状语,表示伴随动作、行为方式及原因、条件或结果等情况。Sheoftensleepswiththewindowopen.(adj.)她经常开着窗户睡觉。Hecameinwithabookinhishand.(prep.)他手里拿着本书进来了。Shefeltscaredwithsomanypeoplelookingather.(doing)这么多人看着她,她感到害怕。Witheverythingbought,heleftthemarket.(done)买完了所需要的东西之后,他离开了市场。Withnothingtodo,hewentoutforawalk.(todo)由于没有什么事情可做,他便到外面散步。Helefthisroomwiththelighton.(adv.)他离开了房间,灯亮着。by用于被动结构:ThisbookwaswrittenbyLuXun.表地点,“靠近,在……的旁边”:Thereisapumpingstationbytheriver.表时间,“在……之前,不迟于”:Youmusthandinyourhomeworkbytomorrow.表方法、手段:Youwillmakeprogressonlybystudyinghard.途径:Heenteredbythebackdoor.表示按某物标准或单位:Thecompanypaidmebythehour.根据,按照……:Don’tjudgeapersonbyhisappearance.触及,持住某人的身体或衣物:Itooktheboybythehand.表增减程度:Hemissedthetargetbyaninch.固定搭配:littlebylittle逐渐地stonebystone一块石头一块石头地onebyone一个一个地bymistake由疏忽所至bynomeans决不byaccident偶然bychance偶然,碰巧byoneself独自byandby不久以后byfar……得多,最……to趋于,倾向(某种情况,性质等),至某种状态:Iwasmovedtotears.到(地点):LastweekherauntcametoShanghai.给:Ioftenwritetomyuncle.差(时间):Itistentoeleven.比:Thescoreis2to1.伴随:Hedancedtothemusic.他随着音乐跳舞。固定搭配:toone’sdelight=tothedelightofsb.使某人高兴的是toone’sjoy=tothejoyofsb.使某人高兴的是toone’ssorrow=tothesorrowofsb.使某人悲伤的是toone’sastonishment=totheastonishmentofsb.使某人大吃一惊的是toone’ssurprise=tothesurpriseofsb.使某人吃惊的是off离……,从……离开:ItisanislandoffthecoastofFrance.through通过,“从一边进,从另一边出”:Shepushedherwaythroughthecrowd.由于:Thewarwaslostthroughbadorganization.从头至尾,由始至终:Ireadthroughthebook.各处:WetraveledthroughFrance.beyond表示位置在那一边,超出(范围、限度):Myhomeisbeyondthebridge.Thisisbeyondmycomprehension.Thefruitwasbeyondmyreach.against反对,违背:Weareagainstwaste.靠着,倚:Isatagainstthewall.以……为背景,衬托:Thepicturelooksgoodagainstthatlightwall.防御:Wearealltakingmedicineagainstthedisease.我们大家都在吃药预防那种病。与……相反,逆着:Wesailedagainstthewind.at在(表空间、地点):Idon’tknowthemanstandingatthegate.在……时刻(表时间):Weusuallygotoworkattwointheafternoon.以……(速度、价格):Theysoldtheirbeefatahighprice.处于……状态,从事于:Thetwocountrieswereatwar.表示目标,意为“朝,对”:Wehadaheatedargumentandshoutedateachother.与有情感的词语连用(如angry,delighted,glad,happy,sad,disappointed,shocked,excited等)表示产生这些感情的原因,“因为,对于”:Iwassurprisedatthenews.Wewereindeepsorrowathisdeath.I’mgladathearingyourreturnhomefromCanada.Hisparentsweredisappointedathislosingthechancetouniversity.固定搭配:atthelatest最迟atsea在海上,在航海atonce马上atmost至多atleast至少atfirst起初,开始的时候atpresent目前atonetime曾经atatime一次atbreakfast吃早餐时atthesametime同时atstake在胜败关头,冒风险over超过:Thereareovertwentygirlsinourclass.遍于:IhavetraveledalloverEurope.在……上方(与under相反):Thereisabridgeovertheriver.越过(尤指先往上再往下):Hejumpedoverthewall.在……期间:WillyoubeathomeoverChristmas?通过:Idon’twanttosayitoverthetelephone.在……上面盖着:Heputthenewspaperoverhisface.in在……方面:Yoursuccessintheexaminationdependsuponyoureffortsnow.用……语言:HewrotealetterinEnglish.表示计算或度量的标准,“用……,以……”:Theenergyismeasuredincalories.在……之内(表时间或空间):Theworkwascompletedintwoweeks.过……后(时间):Itwillbereadyinaweek.穿、戴:Heisinasilkshirt.表状态:Hewasinpoorhealth.Theroomisinamess.表示原材料:Theletterwaswritteninink.固定搭配:inpublic公开地inorderto为了innotime立刻incommon共同,共用inall总共infact实际上intheend最后,终于inthedistance在远处inalowvoice低声地inaword总之inotherwords换句话说inmoderntimes现代,近代inplace在适当的地方ingeneral一般说来inthepast在过去inthisway用这种方法inreturn作为回报inshort简言之intheopenair在户外takepridein以……自豪takepartin参加playapartin在……方面起作用intheformof以……形式insight在视力范围之内,看得见incase万一inthenameof以……名义indetail详细地on在……的表面上:Therearetwomapsonthewall.在……的时候(某日或某日的上午、下午、晚上),表具体或特殊的日子:OnthemorningofNovember12,1939,Dr.Bethunebreathedhislast.有关,论及:Ihavewrittenanarticleontheimportanceofbirthcontrol.在……河畔,沿着:LondonisontheThames.是……的一员:MyclassmateisonChinaDaily.固定搭配:ondoingsth.一……就……onleave休假onpurpose故意onholiday度假onthewhole总的来说onfire着火onone’sown独自,单独onstrike罢工ontheleft/right在左/右边onthecontrary相反地onsale出售/减价onaverage平均ontheair(无线电/电视)播送onboard在车/船/飞机上callonsb.拜访某人onbehalfof代表On(hearing)...一(听到)……就……of和某一动词连用表示“想到”,“谈到”:Hebegantotalkofhishometown.表示所属关系:HeisaworkeroftheBeijing.fromfromamong(从……当中),frombehind(从……后面),fromunder(从……下面),atabout(在大约……左右),afterabout(在大约……之后),fromacross(从……的对岸),fromabove(从……上方)等Itookaballfromunderthetable.我从桌底拿出一个球。易错点点拨:1.in与withinin后接表示时间长度的名词,可以与将来时或过去时连用。如果它与将来时连用,则常表示“过一段时间之后”;如果与非将来时连用,常表示“在……之内”。Thetrainwillarriveinfifteenminutes.火车还有十五分钟就到了。within后接表示时间长度的名词,表示在这一范围之内,“不超过,不到”某一段时间。可以同将来时和过去时连用,比in更正式。Ishallbebackwithinthreeweeks.我三周之内回来。2.in和afterin后接一段时间,after接某一点的时间,均可用于将来时。in不可以接表示某一点的时间名词,而after如果在过去时的句子中可以加一段的时间名词,表示从过去某一时间算起,in加一段时间指