I土方工程施工安全事故分析及预防班级:安全1101学生:陈玉龙指导老师:钟兴润摘要随着近年来中国经济建设和城市建设的快速发展,建筑行业中的地下工程越来越多,规模越来越大,这就要求施工单位对建筑基础土方开挖进行正确的施工。而土方工程是建筑工程施工中最为重要的环节之一,它不仅是建筑施工工程的基础,还是建筑工程施工的核心内容。如果在工程施工中,对其土方工程的施工质量没有进行有效的保障,那么就会影响整个建筑工程的结构可靠性。因此,我们建筑工程施工中,一定要做好对建筑土方工程的施工技术控制管理。但是,由于城市建设规模不断扩大,与之相对应的施工安全事故发生率也呈上升趋势,尤其是深基础土方施工存在的问题更为严重。所以,如何搞好土方工程施工安全事故分析及预防,对建筑土方工程的安全施工具有重要意义。本文以土方工程施工安全事故分析及预防为探讨对象,主要解决土方工程施工中的安全问题。关键词土方工程施工安全事故分析安全事故预防IIEarthworkconstructionsafetyAccidentAnalysisandPreventionClasslevel:Safety1101Students:ChenYulongInstructor:ZhongXingrunAbstractWiththerecentrapiddevelopmentofChina'seconomicdevelopmentandurbanconstruction,undergroundengineeringconstructionindustry,moreandmoreincreasingscale,whichrequirestheconstructionunitofthebuildingfoundationearthexcavationproperconstruction.Thebuildingconstructionearthworksarethemostimportantpart,itisnotonlythefoundationconstructionproject,orcoreconstructionworks.Iftheconstruction,thequalityofitsconstructionearthworksnoeffectiveprotection,itwillaffectthestructuralreliabilityoftheentirebuildingproject.Sowebuildingconstruction,wemustdoagoodjobofbuildingearthworksconstructiontechnologycontrolmanagement.However,duetotheexpandingurbanconstruction,withthecorrespondingconstructionsafetyaccidentrateisalsoontherise,especiallyinthepresenceofdeepfoundationearthworkconstructionproblemsaremoreserious.So,howtoimprovethesafetyofearthworksconstructionaccidentanalysisandprevention,isimportantforthesafetyofconstructionbuildingearthworks.Inthispaper,earthworksconstructionsafetyAccidentAnalysisandPreventiontoinvestigatetheobject,themainsettlementearthworksconstructionsafetyissues.IIIKeywords:earthworksconstructionsafetyaccidentanalysissafetyandaccidentprevention第IV页目录1.土方工程施工工艺...................................................................................................11.1基坑土方开挖方法.........................................................................................11.1.1土方开挖准备......................................................................................11.1.2土方开挖方案的选择..........................................................................11.1.3土方开挖图的绘制..............................................................................11.1.4基坑的机械开挖方法..........................................................................11.1.5土方开挖方法......................................................................................21.2回填土施工方法.............................................................................................31.2.1人工夯实方法......................................................................................31.2.2机械压实方法......................................................................................31.3填土压实方法.................................................................................................31.3.1碾压法..................................................................................................31.3.2夯实法..................................................................................................41.3.3振动压实法..........................................................................................42.土方工程施工安全事故原因分析...........................................................................42.1土方工程施工安全主要问题.........................................................................42.2土方工程滑坡的产生原因.............................................................................52.3土方工程边坡塌方和土方坍塌的产生原因.................................................53.土方工程施工安全事故预防措施...........................................................................63.1做好土方开挖准备工作.................................................................................63.2土方开挖施工安全控制措施.........................................................................73.2.1制定科学合理的开挖方案..................................................................73.2.2掌握施工场地有关情况......................................................................7第V页3.2.3强化土方开挖中的施工措施..............................................................73.2.4土方施工中可能出现的不安全状态的预防措施..............................83.3土方开挖的安全防护措施.............................................................................83.4土方工程滑坡的预防措施.............................................................................93.5土方工程边坡塌方和土方坍塌的预防措施.................................................9总结.............................................................................................................................10参考文献.....................................................................................................................11第1页1.土方工程施工工艺1.1基坑土方开挖方法1.1.1土方开挖准备查勘现场一学习和审查图纸一绘制土方开挖图一清除现场障碍物一做好“四通一平”一做好降排水设施一进行地下墓探一修建基坑施工必需的临时设施一做好测量放线工作一准备机具和施工人员。1.1.2土方开挖方案的选择土方开挖方法,一般采用大开口开挖,有机械、人工、机械与人工相结合三种方式。①在机具条件设备具备时,应尽量采用机械化开挖方案,以节约劳力,加速工程进程。②有的基坑底部具有多个标高,较深部位用机械开挖工作面难以展开,需要大量混凝士填充,不够经济。此时宜采用机械与人工相结合开挖方案。③在基坑工程中,当周边环境条件许可时,宜采用不放坡,或放坡、分级放坡开挖。这种基坑工程造价较低,施工期较短,是首先应当选用的开挖方法。1.1.3土方开挖图的绘制绘图目的:高层建筑深基坑一般场地都较狭窄,基坑较深,土方开挖量大,应对土方开挖的平面和竖向进行合理的规划,做到合理使用场地,使开挖有序进行,有条不紊,土方开挖量最少、运距最短、旨达到最经济的目的。基坑开挖应绘制士方开挖图。其内容