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Unit3GrammarTheUseof-ingForm(2)usedasthepredictive,attributeandobjectcomplement一、-ing形式作表语1.-ing形式作表语时放在系动词之后，用来泛指某种动作或行为，以说明主语的身份、性质或特征。如：Herhobbyispainting.Myjobislookingafterthechildren.TheTVplayisveryinteresting.Thespeechisinspiring.动名词现在分词2.下列表示“变成”、“保持”、“感觉”等意义的动词有系动词的特征，可与某些现在分词构成主系表结构：comerunninggetgoing/movingremainstandingliedyingstandlookingsitwaiting二、-ing形式作定语1.单个动词的-ing形式（动名词或现在分词）作定语位于被修饰名词的前面，既可以表示被修饰者的作用或功能，也可以表示被修饰者的动作或状态。如：buildingmaterials=materialsforbuilding建筑材料drinkingwater=waterfordrinking饮用水awalkingstick=astickforwalking手杖areadingroom=aroomforreading阅览室awritingdesk=adeskforwriting写字台动名词boringspeech=speechthatisboringasurprisingresult=aresultthatissurprisingasleepingboy=aboywhoissleeping现在分词2.-ing形式短语作定语时,放在所修饰的名词之后,并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。如：Theywillmoveintothebuildingbeingbuilt.=Theylivedinaroomthatisbeingbuilt.ThemanstandingthereisPeter’sfather.=ThemanwhoisstandingthereisPeter’sfather.3.-ing形式短语也可以用作非限制定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，这时，它与句子其它部分用逗号分开。如：Hisbrother,workingasateacher,livesinBeijing.=Hisbrother,whoisworkingasateacher,livesinBeijing.注意：分词完成式不能用作后置定语。表示发生在谓语动作之前的动作，用定语从句。如果是被动结构，直接用过去分词。如：Theboywhohadbrokentheschoolrulewaspunished.Thebuildingcompletedattheendoflastyearcost800millionyuan.三、-ing形式作宾语补足语1.动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。如：Whenwereturnedtotheschool,wefoundastrangerstandingattheentrance.Ifoundabaglyingontheground.Thebosskepttheworkersworkingthewholenight.2.当主句转换为被动结构时,原来作宾语补足语的动词-ing形式便转变为主语补足语。如：Theyfoundtheresultverysatisfying.=Theresultwasfoundverysatisfying.Theyheardhimsinginginthenextroom.=Hewasheardsinginginthenextroom.3.能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词:(1)表示感觉和心理状态的动词，常见的有feel,hear,listento,see,watch,notice,observe,lookat等。如：a.Wesawalightburninginthewindow.b.Ifeltsomebodypattingmeontheshoulder.c.Canyousmellanythingburning?d.Ashespoke,heobservedeverybodylookingathimcuriously.e.Listentothebirdssinging.f.Ididn’tnoticehimwaiting.(2)表示“发现”、“闻到”、“致使”的动词，常见的有find,smell,catch,get,have,keep,leave,send,set等。a.Iwon’thaveyoudoingthat.b.Thejokesetuslaughing.c.I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.d.Ican’tgettheclockgoingagain.eYouwon’tcatchmedoingthatagain.fTheexplosionsentthingsflyinginalldirections.gHisremarksleftmewonderingwhathemeant.4.see,hear,feel,watch等动词之后用-ing形式和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别：Wepassedbytheclassroomandsawtheteachermakingtheexperiment.我们走过教室，看见老师在做实验。（只在走过教室的刹那间，看见老师正在做实验）(1)前者表示动作正在进行，后者表示（或强调）动作从开始到结束的全过程。Wesatanhourandwatchedtheteachermaketheexperiment.我们坐了一个小时，看老师做实验。（一个小时之内一直在看老师做实验）(2)如果宾语补足语是短暂性动词，动词不定式短语表示一次动作，而-ing形式则表示反复动作。如：Weheardthedoorslam.Weheardthedoorslamming.(反复动作)(一次动作)1.Doyoufinditfunnytoseesomeoneslidingonabananaskin,bumpingintosomeoneelseroundacorner,orfallingdownaholeintheroad?Pointouttheusageofthe–ingform.sliding,bumping,falling作宾语补足语2.Hebecamefamousforusingaparticularformofacting,includingmime.3.Theirjobis“panningforgold”.using作介词for的宾语;including作状语panning作表语4.Buthewaslovedbyallwhowatchedthefilmsforhisdeterminationinovercomingdifficultiesandbeingkindevenwhenpeoplewereunkindtohim.overcoming作介词宾语5.Finallyhetriescuttingandeatingthebottomoftheshoe.cutting,eating作宾语6.ThatwastheproblemfacingCharlieChaplininoneofhismostfamousfilms.facing作定语using作介词宾语7.Heentertainedaudiencebyusingnonverbalhumor.1.Don’tleavethewater_______whileyoubrushyourteeth.A.runB.runningC.beingrunD.torun单选2.John’sbadhabitis_____withoutthoroughunderstanding.A.readB.beingreadC.tobereadD.reading3.TellMarythatthere’ssomeone____forheratthedoor.A.waitingB.waitedC.waitsD.towait4.The_______waitercameuptousandsaid,“Youarewelcome.”A.smilingB.smiledC.smileD.tosmile5.Aphonecallsenthim_______tothehospital.A.hurryB.hurryingC.tohurryD.hurried6.Doyouknowtheboy_______underthebigtree?A.layB.lainC.layingD.lying7.Therearelotsofplacesofinterest_______inourcity.A.needsrepairingB.needingrepairedC.neededrepairingD.needingtoberepaired8.Thedrunkenhusbandknockedagainstthetableandsentthebowls_______inalldirectionsbeforehewassent_______byhiswife.A.flying;tosleepB.flying;sleepingC.tofly;tosleepingD.tofly;tosleep9.Whenwegotbackfromthecinema,wefoundthelamp_______butthedoor_______.A.beingon;shutB.burning;shuttingC.burning;shutD.on;shutting10.Asisknowntousall,travelingis_____,butweoftenfeel_____whenwearebackfromtravels.A.interesting;tiredB.interested;tiringC.interesting;tiringD.interested;tired11.Thewomanfounditnogood_____herdaughtertoomuchmoney.A.givingB.beinggivenC.givenD.gave12.Asthestonewastooheavytomove,Ileftit_____ontheground.A.layingB.layC.lyingD.lain1.IamlookingforwardtovisitCharlieChaplinMuseuminSwitzerlandnextweek.visitingPleasereadthesentencescarefully,tryingtopickouttheerrorsandthencorrectthem.2.ManypeoplestillenjoyseeingCharlieChaplin’ssilentfilms.3.ThatcartoonpictureshowsCharlieChaplinwatchhimselfwatchinginamovie.4.Charlie’snonverbalhumoroftenmakespeopleburstingintolaughter.√watchingburst5.WeareallfondofCharlie’searlyfilms,whichwethinkaremoreinterested.6.ImissedtoseethebeginningofthefilmCityLightstheotherday.7.Iwouldn’tmindtoseeTheGoldRushagainwithyoutonight.interestingseeingseeing