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膂Unit5SectionA1a-2d知识提纲一、二、葿词形转换袇1.environmentn.环境→adj.environmental自然环境的，有关环境的袅2.leafn.叶，叶子→复数（pl.）leaves袄3wideadj.宽的，宽阔的→adv.widely广泛地，普遍地三、四、蒂短语羇1.beknownfor以……闻名，=befamousfor2.bemadeof由……制成芆3.bemadefrom由……制成4.bemadein+地点产于某地莁5.allovertheworld全世界6.byhand手工地7.begoodfor对……有益芀8.onthesideofthemountains在山边上五、六、肇词法和句法蚆1.bemadeof“由…制成”主语为制成品of后接原材料，制成品能看见原材料。肃bemadefrom“由…制成”主语为制成品from后接原材料，成品看不见原材料。聿肂bemadein+地点某物产于某地芇Thedeskwood.桌子是由木头做的。膄Paperwood.纸是由木材做的。芃ThekindofwatchShanghai.这种手表产于上海。2.3.袁asfarasIknow据我所知莆据我所知，李先生已经去美国了。薅Iknow，Mr.LihasgonetoAmerica.羅3.both…and………和……都……，不但……而且……连接主语时，薀动词为复数。莆notonly…butalso…不但……而且……连接主语时，动词就近原则。羆either…or…或者……或者……连接主语时，动词就近原则。蒃neither…nor…既不……也不……连接主语时，动词就近原则。荿TomJackknowmyaddress.Theyoftendropbymyhome.膇记忆顺口溜：bemadeof与bemadefrom用法肇由物制造，方式有两种；样子很相似，用法不相同；薁of两字母，材料能看出；from四字母，材料看不出。蒆A.Not,butB.Both,andC.Either,orD.Notonly,butalso莇4.Itseemsthat………似乎……膅seem+adj./seemtodosth蒂Itseemsthatheisgoingtoleavehere.似乎他要离开这里。薆=Heseemstoleavehere.蒄Unit5SectionA3a-4c知识提纲薂一、词形转换膁1.producev.生产，制造→n.product产品2.Francen.法国→adj.French法国的蚆3.Germanyn.德国→adj.German德国的袅二、词法和句法芄1.searchfor搜寻，寻找相当于lookfor罿2.nomatter不论，无论后接特殊疑问词how/when/where/which/who/what羀=特殊疑问词+ever表示“无论怎样/何时/哪里/哪个/谁/什么”莅引导让步状语从句。螂Nomatterwhathedoes,Ibelievehim.=hedoes,Ibelievehim.羂3.hardlyadv.几乎不表示否定含义肀Icanhardlyhearyou,?螆4.avoidv.避免，回避avoiddoingsth.避免做某事蒄Youshouldavoidsuchamistake.(make)螁5.begoodfor对……有益begoodat擅长begoodwithsb.与……和睦相处膀begoodto对……好膇6.everydayadj.每天的，日常的羂everyday每日，每天相当于频率副词，做时间状语。薀HereadseverydayEnglisheveryday.他每天都读日常英语。艿7.continuev.继续，连续芄continuetodosth.继续/接着做另一件事情蚄continuedoingsth.继续做原来的事情艿Afterhefinishedreadinganovel,hecontinuedtoplaygameswithhisfriends.荿他读完小说后跟朋友们继续玩游戏。蚅8.find(found,found)v.发现，发觉肂findit+adj.+todosth.莂IfinditverydifficulttolearnEnglishwell.我觉得学好英语很难。葿findit+adj.+that-clause是一个复合句，it是形式宾语，that从句是真宾语。肆IfinditrelaxingthatIcanlieonthebeach.袄我发现我能躺在海滩上很令人放松。肁findsb.doingsth.发现某人正在做某事蕿Ifoundsomeboysswimmingintheriver.蒇我发现一些男孩正在河里游泳。芁Unit5SectionB1a-2b知识提纲袀一、词形转换蕿1.internationaladj.国际的→n.internation国际薃2.celebratev.庆祝→n.celebration庆典，庆祝活动羃3.livev.生活→adj.lively生气勃勃的4.historyn.历史→adj.historical历史的蚈4.completeadj.完整的，完全的→adv.completely完全地，完整地虿二、短语羄1.findout弄清楚，查明2.goonvacation(to)去度假蒁3.turninto变成4.accordingto根据，按照5.introuble在困境中蚁6.becoveredwith被……覆盖蝿三、词法和句法莅1.Have/hasbeenaround这是习语，意思是“已经存在”膃Poetryhasbeenaroundforcenturies.诗歌已经存在几个世纪了。2.3.蒀allowv.允许，准许衿allowdoingsth允许做某事螆allowsb.todosth允许某人做某事蚁beallowedtodosth.被允许做某事腿It’snotallowedtosmokehere.这儿不允许吸烟。羈3.usev.使用usesth.todosth.用某物做某事。膇beusedtodosth.被用来做某事莃be/getusedto+n./pron./doingsth.习惯于做某事节beusedfordoingsth.用来做某事=beusedtodosth.4.莄Ittookmeabouthalfanhourtogettothe莀airport.Ispenttwoyuanbuying/onthepen.蒈Thepencostmetwoyuan.肄Grammar（语法）被动语态袂腿一、语态概述薈英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。蒅英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。薄主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。膂例如：ManypeoplespeakEnglish.主语people是动词speak的发出者。蚇被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。袆例如：Englishisspokenbymanypeople.主语English是动词speak的承受者。肂二、被动语态的构成羁被动语态由“be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。不及物动词本身没有被动语态。螇人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。芇三、各种时态被动语态的构成螄1.一般现在时：am／is／are＋动词过去分词Carsaremadebythem.蚀2.一般过去时：was／were＋动词过去分TheMP3wasboughtbymyfather.螇3.含有情态动词的被动语态，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，蒄例如：wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.膂→Thiswatchcanberepairedintwodays.葿四、主动语态变被动语态的方法袇1.把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。袅2.把主动语态的谓语变为被动语态的谓语。袄3.把主动语态的主语变为被动语态的by短语。肈主语莄句型肅take肁it膈Ittakessb.+时间+todosth.螅spend蒃人螀onsth.膈人spend+金钱/时间+膆indoingsth.芅pay蕿人芈人pay+钱数forsth.薇人payforsth.蚂cost薁物莈物cost+钱数（vi.）蚃物cost+sb.+钱数（vt.）蒂（①by短语可以省。②by短语后跟代词的宾格。）羇主变被解题步骤芆1.划分句子成分，找宾语----即动作的承受者莁2.判断宾语的单复数----即be动词的单复数.芀3.判断动词的时态----即be动词的时态.肇4.修改谓语的形式----即原句动词改为过去分词蚆5.修改原句的主语----即by+宾语（原主语）.肃Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.聿①膇②③肇→Shoesaremadebythem.薁（宾变主，主变宾，谓动变成bedone形，人称、数、格随着变）肂五、被动语态的用法芇(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。膄Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.(不知道电脑是谁偷的)芃(2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。袁Thewindowwasbrokenbymike.窗户是迈克打破的。莆巩固提升：薅一、单项填空羅()1.Theoldmanisgood________swimming,andevennowheoftenswimsacrossTuojiangRiveraftersupper.薀A．overB．throughC．toD．at莆()2.—Yoursweaterlooksnice.Isitmadeofwool?羆—Yes,andit'smade________Shanghai.蒃A．byB．inC．forD．from荿()3.Sanyaisfamous________itsbeautifulbeaches.蒆A．ofB．forC．asD．from莇()4.________happens,I'llstandbyyou.膅A．SoB．But蒂C．OrD．Nomatterwhat薆()5.Myparentsdon'tallowmeto________outatnight.蒄A．wentB．going薂C．goD．goes膁()6.Ihavesomegoodfriends,________dogs,catsandtoys.蚆A．asforB．suchas袅C．forexampleD．suddenly芄()7.MissTaylorneverwastesmoneyonanythingtooexpensive,eventhoughshecan________to.Shehasdonatedmuchofthemoneyshesavedtocharities.罿A．allowB．remind羀C．affordD．take莅()8.Whenyouare________，Iwillhelpyou.螂A．introubleB．inhelp羂C．withtroubleD．inhope肀()9.Thewholecityis________fog.螆A．coverwithB．coveredwith蒄C．coverD．covered螁()10.—Howdoyoustudyforatest?羆—________workingwithfriends.袃A．ByB．With蚈C．OnD．At芆()11.Thesweaterisnottheright________forme.羅—Well,shallIgetyouabiggeroneorasmallerone?羀A．priceB．color莀C．sizeD．material肅()12.I'vegotseveralnovelswrittenbyMoYan.Youcanborrow________ifyoulike.肅A．itB．one莁C．everyD．either袈()13.IliketoreadEnglishinthegardenbecausetheflowersinitsmell_____