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LOGOChangesingroundwaterinducedbywaterdiversionintheLowerTarimRiver,XinjiangUygur,NWChina:Evidencefromenvironmentalisotopesandwaterchemistry（由引水调度引起的塔里木河下游地下水变化的研究,中国西北新疆维吾尔自治区:基于环境同位素和水化学）汇报人：导师：专业：LiteraturesReview2LiteraturesSourceArticlestructure1、Titleandauthor2、SummaryPhase4Phase3Phase2Phase11、Introduction2、Background1、Sampling2、Analyses1、ResultsandDiscussion2、Conclusions3、references12334435SummaryContentsIntroductionandBackgroundSamplingandAnalysesResultsandDiscussionConclusions51.Summary1、提出问题:TheLowerTarimRiverinNWChinaisundersevereecosystemdegradationduetostoppedstreamflowanddiminishedgroundwaterrecharge.Sinceyear2000,eightwaterdiversionsfromtheupperstreamandfromtheneighboringKaidu–KongqueRiverhavebeenimplementedtoalleviatetheecosystemdisaster.中国西北部塔里木河下游面临严重生态退化是由于河流断流和地下水补给减少造成的。自2000年以来,通过从邻近的开都和孔雀河等河流上游的八次引水调度已经缓解塔里木河生态环境问题。61.Summary2、研究方法:wesampledtheripariangroundwatersystemin2007and2008alongthe350km-longriverchannelthroughthe40monitoringwellssituatedalongninetransectsperpendiculartotheriverandthreesoilprofiles.Measurementsonthesampleshaveincludedenvironmentalisotopes(18O,²H,³H)andwaterchemistry.我们沿河岸地下水系统在2007年和2008年沿着350公里河道,通过40个坐落在河流附近的监测井进行采样。测量样品项目包括环境同位素(18O,²H,³H)和水化学。71.Summary3、研究结果:Remarkablechangeshavebeeninducedbythewaterdiversionsasfollows：(1)Theobservedresponseofripariangroundwatersystemincludesgeneraldecreaseintotaldissolvedsolid(TDS)andriseofwatertable.Greaterriseofwatertableoccursneartheriverbank.沿河岸地下水系统观察结果包括:总溶解固体(TDS)减少和水位上升。更大的地下水位上升发生在河岸附近。(2)Tritiumdatashowthattheextentofmodernrecharge(since1960s),includingthatfromthedivertedwater,islimitedto600mfromtheriverbankattheuppersegmentsand200matthelowerones.氚数据显示,现代水补给范围(since1960s),包括从转移水,仅限于上游河岸600米内部分和下游200米内。81.Summary(3)Stableisotopesshowthatgroundwatersareenrichedinheavyisotopesandareplottedinparalleltothemeteoricwaterline,attributedtoevaporationduringrecharge.稳定同位素表明,地区地下水重同位素丰富,并与大气降水线平行,归因于蒸发。(4)GroundwaterisgenerallyofNa–Mg–Cl–SO4typeandisformedbydissolutionofminerals.Thesalinityofgroundwaterismainlyaffectedbythatofthedivertedwaterandofthelocalantecedentgroundwater,saltsintheunsaturatedzone,evapotranspirationduringrecharge.地下水一般由Na-Mg-Cl-SO4类型和溶解的矿物质组成。地下水盐度主要是受转移水和当地前期地下水,在非饱和区的盐度,蒸散发影响。91.Summary(5)Asthezoneofsmallergroundwaterdepth(lessthan5m)suitableforthemostexistingPopuluseuphraticaandTamarixramosissima,themainspeciestargetedbytherescueeffort.正如较小的一部分区域地下水深度(小于5米)适用于大多数现有胡杨和柽柳,它们是保护的主要目标。102、IntroductionandBackgroundWaterdiversionGeneralsettingHydrogeologyClimateEcosystemdegradationIntroductionandBackground112、IntroductionandBackgroundIntroduction:Underthedualimpactsofanthropogenicactivitiesandclimatechange,acommonscenarioinaridandsemiaridcatchments,particularlyinthelowerreachesofthem,issevereecologicaldegradation,suchasdeathofvegetation,intensifiedgroundwatersalinization,soilsalinizationanddesertification,etc.介绍：人为活动和气候变化的双重影响下,一个常见的场景在干旱和半干旱区,特别是在下游,是严重的生态退化,如植被死亡,加剧地下水盐渍化、土壤盐渍化、沙漠化等。12Background:1、GeneralsettingTheTarimRiverBasinislocatedinthesouthofXinjiang,NWChina.Ithasanareaof1.04x106km2andisflankedbytheTianshanMountainstothenorthandbytheKunlunMountainstothesouth(Fig.1).2、HydrogeologyTheoccurrenceofgroundwaterissimilarbetweentheSouthernTianshanwatershedandNorthernKunlunwatershed.ThesinkofthetwogroundwaterssystemsiscenteredinthesouthoftheTarimRiver.Thediluvialaquiferfromthenorthernmountainsiscomposedofsanddepositssome100–300mthickforminganunconfinedaquiferinwhichthepresentdaywatertablerangesbetween20mand200mbelowsurface(Fig.2).2、IntroductionandBackground13Fig.1SketchmapoftheTarimRiverBasin1–Proterozoic;2–Paleozoic;3–Mesozoic;4–tertiary;5–granite;6–quaternary;7–river;8–surfacewaterintheUpperTarimRiverandtheAksuRiver;9–regionalgroundwaterflow.14Fig.2HydrogeologicalcrosssectionintheMiddleTarimRiver,seeFig.1forthelocation15Background:3、ClimateTheLowerTarimRiverisdominatedbytypicalcontinentaltemperatearidclimate.4、EcosystemdegradationUndertheimpactofanthropogenicactivities,runoffofthreesourcestreams(AksuRiver,HotanRiverandYarkantRiver)totheTarimRiverhasdecreasedgraduallyinthelast50yearsduetoextensiveoasisagriculturewithincreasingwaterutilization.WithgraduallydecreasedinflowtotheTarimRiver,proportionofwaterconsumptionintheupperandmiddlereachesincreasedgraduallyfrom1970sto1990s,whileflowtothelowerreachesreducedsignificantly(Table1).Thegroundwaterdepthhasincreasedto8–12m.2、IntroductionandBackgroundStation1950s1960s1970s1980s1990sAral49.451.744.444.842.0Qiala13.511.46.73.92.8Tikanlik8–92.90.50.40.1ArganPersistDiscontinueNilNilNilLopVillage5–40.2NilNilNil16Table1RunoffchangesateachstationontheTarimRiver(108m3).5、WaterdiversionToprotecttheGreenCorridor,theriparianvegetationrestorationisimperative.TakingadvantageofthewetperiodoftheKaiduRiver,theKu–TaChannel(YulitoQiala,Fig.3)wasconstructedfordivertingwaterfromKongqueRivertotheLowerTarimRiver.17Fig.3Samplinglocations18Table2Statisticsofeightwaterdiversions193.SamplingandAnalyses采样点布置及前期准备稳定同位素测定方法及标准18O,²H,³H稳定同位素测量八次引水后塔里木河流域下游地下水的物理化学变化规律及特征水化学测定方法及标准采样方法及具体实施步骤水