what-makes-a-leader

Unit9Text1WhatMakesaLeaderMichaelKordaBorn:8,oct,1933Birthplace:London,EnglandOccupation:Publisher,NovelistNationality:UnitedStatesExecutivesummary:Editor-in-ChiefofSimon&SchusterMilitaryservice:RAF(1952-54)Books:MaleChauvinism:HowItWorks(1973)Power:HowtoGetIt,HowtoUseIt(1975)Success!(1977)CharmedLives:AFamilyRomance(1979)WorldlyGoods(1982)Queenie(1985,novel)TheFortune(1989)MantoMan:SurvivingProstateCancer(1997,memoir)AnotherLife:AMemoirofOtherPeople(2000)CountryMatters(2001)MichaelKordahasbeentheeditor-in-chiefatSimon&Schusterforover40years.Heisalsoanaccomplishedandbest-sellingauthor.MainIdea•Whatmakesaleader?•Timing(Theleadermustappearonthesceneatamomentwhenpeoplearelookingforleadership.)•Abilitytosimplifythingsandoffersolutions(Greatleadersarealmostalwaysgreatsimplifiers.)•Recognizablephysicalsigns(Leadersmusthavebigger-than-life,commandingfeaturesforpeopletoremember.)•Abilitytodosomethingmostofuscan’t•Knowinghowtousepower(Leadersmustknowhowtousepowerandhaveawayofshowinghedoes.)•Havingthegraceofagooddancer•Havingairrationalquality•Thepeoplewhoarereadytobeled•Aleadershouldknowtoappearrelaxedandconfident.•Theleaderfollows,thoughastepaside.•Aleaderridesthewaves,movesthetides,andunderstandsthedeepestyearningsofhispeople.•Agreatleadermusthaveinfectiousoptimism.•Agreatleadermusttransformourneedsandfearsintocoherentpoliciesandprogress.•Heis,afterall,merelythesumofus.MainideaLeadersmentionedinthearticle•Churchill•Lincoln•Lenin•Roosevelt,FDR•Truman•Ike,Eisenhower•Kennedy,JFK•Johnson,LGJ;Humphrey(VP)•Ford•Nixon•Carter•Reagan•MaoOrganization•Para.1-8:Whatarethequalitiesofagoodleader?Thecommontraitsthatdifferentiateleadersfromtherest.•Para.9-14:Whyisagoodleaderdifficulttofind?Thetruth:Leadersaremade,notfound.DevelopmentLogic:•Thequalitiesofaleadercanbeidentified.•So,itshouldbeeasytofindsuchperson.•But,itisnot.ThenWhy?•Thetruthisthataleaderismadebecauseofthewillofpeople.Rhetorictechnique:•Examplesofwell-knownleadersDetails•Whatdoes“timing”meaninpara.2?•“simplifier”,simplywhat?•Bigger-than-life,commandingfeatures?•Whycan’taleaderbetoodifferent?•WhatroledoesTVplayincreatingtheimageofaleader?•Howdoesphysicalsignsrelatetotheirabilityofusingpower?•Whatisagracefuldancerlooklike?•Whendopeopleneedastrongleader?•Whatisthemostimportantcharacterthataleadershouldpossesswhenthereisaneedforastrongleader?•Whatdoesitmeanby“dignifyourdesire”?•Whatdoesthe“irrationalquality”referto?•Whydoyouthinkthattheadvisorofagreatleadershouldbeascoldasice?•Whatroledopeopleplayinthemakingofagreatleader?Vocabulary•ambivalent[æm'bɪvələnt]adj.对某物、某人或某境况具有或显示矛盾情感的Imusthaveacquiredambivalentattitudetowardswomenfromher.我对妇女的矛盾态度一定是从她那里学来的。ambivalencen.矛盾情绪；矛盾心理摇摆；犹豫;举棋不定ambivalentlyadv.•Hopeforsth:wantsthtobetrueortohappen•Whatwecandonowistohopeforthebestbutbepreparedfortheworst.•Ineasytimes:intimeswhenarefreefromdiscomfortorworry•statusquo现状•shakethingsup:makechangesinordertoimprove打散后重新组合勇于改革•Theintroductionofdigitaltechnologyhasshakenmanyindustriesup.•Leadershipisasmuchaquestionoftimingasanythingelse.•Theabilitytoarrangeandcontrolovereventsandactionstoachievedesiredresultsisaqualitythatismostrequiredofagoodleader.Paragraph2)•Howdoyouunderstandthesentence“Theleadermustappearonthesceneatamomentwhenpeoplearelookingforleadership”•Theleaderappearsonlywhenthepeoplefeeltheneedforsomeonetrustworthywhocanleadthemtoattaintheirdesiredgoals.Vocabulary•eloquent['eləkwənt]adj.1.雄辩的,有口才的,流利的Thedefencelawyermadeaneloquentpleaforhisclient'sacquittal.被告方的律师为委托人的无罪开释作了有说服力的辩护。Herenthusiasmmadehereloquent.她的热情使她能言善辩。2.清楚表现出来,传神的Theseruinsareaneloquentreminderofthehorrorsofwar.这些废墟形象地提醒人们不要忘记战争的恐怖。eloquentlyadv.•Leadershipisasmuchasaquestionoftimingatanyelse.领导能力的展现也需要把握时机。•Hemustofferasimple,eloquentmessage.他传达给民众的信息一定要简单明了、令人信服。Paragraph3）•Inwhatsensesaregreatleadersarealmostalwaysgreatsimplifiers?•Greatleaderscanalmostmanagetodisentanglethemselvesfromtheconfusionofarguments,debatesanddoubts,andfindasolutiontotheproblemtheyface,oftenterselyintheformofasimpleandstraightforwardutterance.Vocabulary•“blood,toil,tearsandsweat”流血流泪、辛苦劳累•“theonlythingtofearisfearitself”我们唯一感到害怕的事情便是害怕本身。•Leninpromisedthewar-wearyRussianspeace,landandbread.列宁向厌恶战争的俄国人保证获得和平、土地和面包。•Straightforwardbutpotentmessages.这些表示诚实坦率，让人信服。Vocabulary•Straightforward[streit'fɔ:wəd]adj.1.(人或行为)坦诚的；坦率的；率直的Shegavemeastraightfor-wardanswer.她坦率地回答了我。2.简单的；易懂的；不复杂的Thisisastraightforwardtask.这是一项很容易完成的任务。straightforwardlyadv.straightforwardnessn.Vocabulary•potent['pəutənt]adj.1.(药等)效力大的;威力大的Themedicinehadapotenteffectonyourdisease.这药物对你的病疗效很大。2.强有力的;有说服力的Hewasonceapotentruler.他曾经是有权势的统治者。potencen.potentlyadv.Paragraph4）•Theleadersmusthavebigger-than-lifecommandingfeatures.•Theleadershouldhaveanunforgettableidentity,instantlyandpermanentlyfixedinpeople’sminds.Vocabulary•biggerthanlife大名鼎鼎的；名声响亮的•lobe[ləʊb]n.耳垂；(器官的)叶;肺叶,脑叶•broadgrin咧嘴大笑broadinthebeam臀部肥大inbroaddaylight大白天，光天化日grinandbearit苦笑忍受；逆来顺受•stovepipe['stəʊv,paɪp]n.火炉的烟囱,大礼帽•Atrademarkalsocomesinhandy:atrademarkisthenameorothersymbolusedtoidentifythegoodsprod