《工程制图》(双语)讲义-Note1

LOGOEngineeringGraphicsNorthChinaElectricPowerUniversitywww.themegallery.comYangZhilingEmail:[e-mail]Officeaddress：F-824Pleasepreparethebook:《EngineeringGraphics》.Pleasepreparetwokindsofpencil:Hand2B,apairoftrianglesandacompass.www.themegallery.comGraphicLanguageandDesignIntroduction1HistoryofTechnicalDrawing2Summery34Projectionwww.themegallery.comDesignProcessAdesignprocessstartswithaconceptoranidea.Thefirststageoftheprojectbeginswiththeidentificationofaparticularneedforaproduct.Thesecondstageinvolvesthecreationofavarietyofoptionsordesignideas.Theseideamaybeintheformofsketches,andincludemathematicalcomputations.Thethirdstageistherefinementofthepreliminarydesigns.Possiblesolutionstotheproblemareidentified.www.themegallery.comDesignProcessThefourthstageinvolvesrefinementandselectionofaparticulardesign.Heretheprojectisputinamoreformal,finalizedstateusingassemblydrawingsormodels.Thisstagerequirescloseattentiontohowthepartistobemanufacturedorproduced.Inthefifthstage,detaildrawingsareprepared.Theresultisacompletesetofworkingdrawings.Thesixthstageinthedesignprocessisthemanufacturingandproductionofproduct,ortheconstructionofasystem.www.themegallery.comSKETCHESandDRAWINGSwww.themegallery.comSKETCHESandMODELSwww.themegallery.comASSEMBLYDRAWINGSwww.themegallery.comRefinementofthemodelwww.themegallery.comDETAILDRAWINGSwww.themegallery.comPLANSandELEVATIONSwww.themegallery.comDefinitionswww.themegallery.comDRAWINGAdrawingisagraphicrepresentationofarealthing,anidea,oraproposeddesignforlatermanufactureorconstruction.Drawingsmaytakemanyforms,butthegraphicmethodofrepresentationisabasicnaturalformofcommunicationofideasthatisuniversalandtimeless.www.themegallery.comGRAPHICLANGUAGEAlthoughpeoplearoundworldspeakdifferentlanguages,auniversalgraphiclanguagehasexistedsincetheearliesttimes.Theancientlettersandwordsaregraphicrepresentations.AncientEgyptianCharacterwww.themegallery.comTECHINICALDRAWINGGraphicrepresentationhasbeendevelopedalongtwodistinctlines,accordingtopurpose:artistictechnicalFromthebeginningofrecordedhistory,peoplehaveuseddrawingstorepresentthedesignofobjectstobebuiltorconstructed.www.themegallery.comEARLYTECHNICALDRAWINGAnaerocraftdrawing,byLeonardodaVinciwww.themegallery.comMODERNTECHNICALDRAWINGGaspardMonge(1746-1818)developedtheprinciplesofprojectionthatarenowthebasisofourtechnicaldrawing.Heisconsideredthe“inventor”ofdescriptivegeometry.In1900,thefirst-angleprojectionandthird-angleprojectionwereestablished.www.themegallery.comProjectionObjectProjectionwww.themegallery.comFirstAngleProjectionandThirdAngleProjectionVVFirstangleprojectionThirdangleprojectionwww.themegallery.comWhatwillwelearn?3D→2Dwww.themegallery.com3D→2Dwww.themegallery.comWhatwillwelearn?2D→3DWhat’sthiswww.themegallery.com2D→3Dwww.themegallery.comAnotherAnswerwww.themegallery.comWhatwillwelearn?Somespecialdrawingskillswww.themegallery.comWhatwillwelearn?www.themegallery.comINTRODUCTIONTOCADComputerAidedDesignComputerAidedDraftingCADwww.themegallery.comAPPLICATIONOFCAD2DWorkingDrawingwww.themegallery.comAPPLICATIONOFCAD3DPartModelwww.themegallery.comAPPLICATIONOFCADSurfaceModelingwww.themegallery.comAPPLICATIONOFCADVirtualAssemblywww.themegallery.comAPPLICATIONOFCADVirtualAssemblywww.themegallery.comCADSOFTWAREAutoCAD/InventorProEngineerSolidWorksCATIAUGIICAXAwww.themegallery.comINTRODUCTIONTOCADCADD–ComputerAidedDesignandDraftingCAM–ComputerAidedManufacturingCIM–ComputerIntegratedManufacturingCAE–ComputerAidedEngineeringCG–ComputerGraphics–www.themegallery.comOTHERAPPLICATIONImageProcesswww.themegallery.comGame,FilmandCartoonOTHERAPPLICATIONwww.themegallery.comSUMMARYThegraphiclanguageistheuniversallanguageusedbyeveryengineeringteamdesigninganddevelopingproductsthroughouttheworld.Everytechnicaldrawingisbasedonstandardthatprescribewhateachsymbol,line,andarcmeans.Weneedtotrainourabilityofspatialimagining,learnhowtotransform3Dobjectto2Dprojectionsand2Dprojectionsto3Dobject.Fortrainyourabilityofspatialimagining,youmustdoexercisesyourself.www.themegallery.comLesson1BasicDraftingDraftingStandard1DrawingEquipment2GeometricConstruction3Dimension4www.themegallery.comDrawingEquipmentwww.themegallery.comDrawingEquipmentwww.themegallery.comDrawingEquipmentwww.themegallery.comDrawingEquipmentwww.themegallery.comDRAFTINGSTANDARDAmericanNationalStandardDraftingManual–Y14ChineseNationalSatandardforMechenicalDrawingsThesesectionsoutlinethemostimportantidiomsandusagesinaformthatisacceptabletothemajority.Theyareconsideredthemostauthoritativeguidetouniformdraftingpracticesinthiscountrytoday.www.themegallery.comDraftingStandardPRCNationalStandard(abbreviatedtoGB)《Mechanicaldrawings》isthestandardworkondraftingpractice.NationalStandard《Mechanicaldrawings》containsseventeenseparateStandards,whicharesetbyreferringtotheISO(InternationalOrganizationforStandardization)Standards,suchasGB/T14689-1993forSizesandlayoutofdrawingsheet,GB4457.4-1984forLines.www.themegallery.comLineTypes(GB/T4457.4-1984)NameTypeWidthUseThicksolidline