一ThelabormarketcontextforhumanresourceplanningThecontextforobtainingthepeoplerequiredwillbethelabormarketsinwhichtheorganizationisoperatingwhichare:本文讲的是将来企业为了得到运营所需要的人的主要途径将会是劳动力市场1.Theinternallabormarket-thestocksandflowsofpeoplewithintheorganizationwhocanbepromoted,trained,orre-deployedtomeetfutureneeds.1.内部劳动力市场--组织内的人可以提升,企业内部人力资源的的储备和流动,可以被提升的、培训或者调配岗位为了未来的发展2.Theexternallabormarker-theexternallocal,regional,nationalandinternationalmarketsfromwhichdifferentsortsofpeoplecanberecruited.Thereareusuallyanumberofmarkets,andthelaborsupplyinthesemarketsmayvaryconsiderably.Likelyshortageswillneedtobeidentifiedsothatstepscanbetakentodealwiththem,forexamplebydevelopingamoreattractive‘employmentproposition’.2.外部劳动力市场--外部的地方、区域、国家和国际市场中不同类型可以招募的人。通常有大量的市场,在这些市场的劳动力供给可能有很大的不同。可能的不足都需要确定,可以采取措施来对付他们,例如通过开发一个更具吸引力的就业命题。Aspartofthehumanresourceplanningprocess,anorganizationmayhavetoformulate‘makeorbuy’policydecisions.A‘make’policymeansthatorganizationpreferstorecruitpeopleatajuniorlevelorastrainee,andrelymainlyonpromotionfromwithinandtrainingprogramstomeetfutureneeds.A‘buy’policymeansthatmorereliancewillbeplacedonrecruitingfromoutside-‘bringingfreshbloodintotheorganization’.Inpractice,organizationstendtomixthetwochoicestogethertovaryingdegrees,dependingonthesituationofthefirmandthetypeofpeopleinvolves.Ahighlyentrepreneurialcompanyoperatingintheturbulentconditions,oronewhichhasjuststartedup,willprobablyrelyalmostentirelyonexternalrecruitment.Whendealingwithknowledgeworkers,theremaybelittlechoice—theytendtobemuchmoremobile,andresourcingstrategymayhavetorecognizethatexternalrecruitmentwillbethemainsourceofsupply.Managementconsultanciestypicallyfallintothiscategory.Firmswhichcanpredictpeoplerequirementsfairlyandaccuratelymayrelymoreondevelopingtheirownstaffoncetheyhavebeenrecruited.作为人力资源规划过程的一部分,一个组织可能是“制造或购买的决策。“制造”的政策意味着组织更倾向于招募人处于初级阶段或实习,主要依靠内部晋升和培训计划,以满足未来的需求。“购买”政策意味着更多的依赖从外部招聘——“为公司带来新鲜血液”。在实践中,组织倾向于将两个选择不同程度的混合在一起,取决于企业所处的环境和人们的意愿。一个在动荡的环境中运营的高度创业的公司,或者刚刚起步的公司,可能几乎完全依赖于外部招聘。在与知识性员工打交道时,可能有一些选择,他们往往更容易移动,而战略外包可能需要认识到外部招聘将是主要的供给来源。管理咨询顾问通常都属于这一类,能够适当准确地预测人们需求的公司,一旦录用,就更依赖于开发自己的员工。1.A‘make’policymeansthatorganizationpreferstopromotepeoplefrominternallabormarket.C“制定”政策意味着组织更喜欢从内部劳动力市场提拔员工A.regionallabormarket区域劳动力市场B.nationallabormarket国家劳动力市场C.internallabormarket内部劳动力市场D.internationallabormarket国际劳动力市场2.Accordingtothepassage,managementconsultanciesshouldberecruitedfromexternallabormarket.根据文章,管理咨询顾问应该从外部劳动力市场招聘BA.arelessmobilethanpeopleatajuniorlevel流动性比年轻人低B.shouldberecruitedfromexternallabormarket应该从外部劳动力市场招聘C.shouldbepromotedfromwithintheorganization应该从组织内部提拔D.arenotknowledgeworkers不是知识型工作者3.Ifafirmcanpredictpeoplerequirementsfairlyaccurately,itmaynot:D如果一个企业能相当准确地预测人们的要求,就不可能更多地依赖于从外部招聘组织。A.developtheirownstaff开发企业内部员工B.formulatetrainingprograms建立培训项目C.promotepeoplefromwithintheorganization提升内部员工D.relymoreonrecruitingfromoutside更多地依赖于从外部招聘组织4.‘Makeorbuy’policydecisionisapartof:“制定或购买”的决策是:人力资源规划的一部分AA.humanresourceplanning人力资源规划B.traininganddevelopment培训和发展C.performanceappraisal绩效考核D.jobanalysis工作分析5.Thebesttitleofthispassageis:这篇文章的最佳标题是人力资源规划的劳动力市场环境CA.Theorganizationalcontextofhumanresourceplanning.人力资源规划的组织背景B.Aimsofhumanresourceplanning.人力资源规划的目的C.Thelabormarketcontextforhumanresourceplanning人力资源规划的劳动力市场环境D.Limitationsofhumanresourceplanning人力资源规划的局限性2.Wlaters(1983)identifiesninesourcesWlaters(1983)identifiesninesourcesofinformationwhichhelptoidentifytrainingpriorities.Theseare:1.Organizationalgoalsandcorporateplanswhichindicatethedirectioninwhichtheorganizationisgoingand,therefore,majortrainingpriorities.2.Humanresourceandsuccessionplanningwhichprovidesinformationonfutureskillrequirementsandmanagementtrainingneeds.3.Personnelstatisticson,forexample,laborturnover,whichhighlightHRissueswhichmightbeaddressedbytraining.4.Exitinterviewswhichmightsuggestdeficienciesintrainingarrangements.5.Consultationwithseniormanagerswhichobtainsopinionsontrainingneedsfromkeydecisionmakers.6.Dataonproductivity,qualityandperformancewhichshowwherethereareanygapsbetweenexpectationsandresultsornegativetrends,andthereforesuggesttrainingneeds.7.Departmentallayoutchangeswhichprovideinformationaboutfuturedevelopmentsandrelatedtrainingneeds.8.Managementrequestsfortrainingwhichsetoutperceivedneeds.9.Knowledgeoffinancialplanswhichdeterminewhetherthefundswillbeavailablefortraining,andmayencouragefreshapproachesifresourcesarelimited.TwoothersourcesnotdirectlymentionedbyWaltersareplansforintroducingnewtechnologyordevelopingITsystems,andmarketingplanswhichindicatewherenewskillsarerequiredtomarketnewproductsorservices,usedifferentsellingtechniquesoroperateinnewterritories.Wlaters(1983)提出了九种可以帮助确认哪些项目应该优先培训的方法。它们是:1.组织目标和企业计划,它表明了组织发展方向,因此,它是主要的优先培训的。2.人力资源和接班计划,提供有关未来技能需求和管理培训需求的信息。3.人事统计,例如,劳动力流动率,突出了人力资源问题,可能通过培训来解决。4.离职面谈可能会在培训安排方面提出不足5.与高级管理人员协商,从关键决策者那里获得培训需求的意见。6.关于生产力、质量和性能的数据,显示了期望与结果之间存在差距,因此提出了培训需求。7.部门布局变更,提供有关未来发展和相关培训需求的信息。8.培训需求的管理要求9.了解财务计划,确定资金是否可用于培训,如果资源有限,可以鼓励新方法Walters没有直接提到的另外两个来源是引进新技术或开发IT系统的计划,以及市场营销计划,这些计划表明新技术需要在哪里销