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Designation:F1816–97(Reapproved2004)StandardSafetySpecificationforDrawstringsonChildren’sUpperOuterwear1ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF1816;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginaladoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon(e)indicatesaneditorialchangesincethelastrevisionorreapproval.INTRODUCTIONKnots,toggles,andotherdecorativeorfunctionalattachmentsontheendsoflong,loosedrawstringscancatchandsnagonotherobjects.Twohazardsassociatedwithsuchdrawstringsonchildren’supperouterwearhavebeenidentified:thepotentialstrangulationhazardassociatedprimarilywithhoodandneckareadrawstringsofupperouterwear;thepotentialvehiculardragginghazardassociatedprimarilywithwaistandbottomdrawstringsofupperouterwear.Thisconsumersafetyspecificationisintendedtoreducetheriskofdrawstringsonchildren’supperoutwearaccessingandgettingsnaggedinvariousentrapmentareas.1.Scope1.1Thisspecificationcoversandisintendedtoreducestrangulationandvehiculardragginghazardsassociatedwithdrawstringsonchildren’supperouterwear.1.2Thetypeofclothingcoveredbythisspecificationisgirls’andboys’clothing,suchasjacketsandsweatshirts,generallyintendedtobewornontheexteriorofotherclothing.1.3Thesizescoveredbythisspecificationaresizes2Tto12forneck/hooddrawstringsandsizes2Tto16forwaist/bottomdrawstrings.1.4Upperouterwearwithfullyretractabledrawstringsareexempt.Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegardedasthestandard.TheSIunitsgiveninparenthesesareforinformationonly.2.ReferencedDocuments2.1ASTMStandards:D5219TerminologyRelatingtoBodyDimensionsforApparelSizing23.Terminology3.1DefinitionsofTermsSpecifictoThisStandard:3.1.1bartack,n—thestitchingthroughthedrawstringandchannelusuallyatthebackcenterofthechanneltopreventthedrawstring’sbeingpulledthroughitschannel.3.1.2bottomofupperouterwear,n—theedgethatcircum-scribesthelowestpartofthegarment(mostdistantfromtheneckarea).3.1.3drawstring,n—anon-retractablecord,ribbon,ortapeofanymaterialtopulltogetherpartsofupperouterweartoprovideforclosure.3.1.4hood,n—aloose,pliablecoveringforthehead,eitherdetachableorpermanentlyattachedtoupperouterwear.3.1.5neckarea,n—thearea1in.(25mm)aboveorbelowtheneckopening.3.1.6neckopening,n—theopeningisdefinedbytheseambetweenthebodyoftheupperouterwearandthecollarorhood.3.1.7toggle,n—thewooden,plastic,metalorotherwise-composedpieceattachedtothelooseendofthedrawstringfordecorativepurposesortopreventthedrawstring’sbeingdrawnthroughitschannel.3.1.8upperouterwear,n—clothing,suchasjacketsandsweatshirts,generallyintendedtobewornontheexteriorofothergarments.3.1.9waist,n—thenarrowedpartofthebodybetweenthechestandhips(seeTerminologyD5219).4.PerformanceRequirements4.1Thereshallbenodrawstringsinthehoodandneckareaofchildren’supperouterwearsizes2Tto12.4.2Drawstringsatthewaistandbottomofchildren’supperoutwearsizes2Tto16shall:4.2.1Notexceed3in.(75mm)inlengthoutsidethedrawstringchannelwhenthegarmentisexpandedtoitsfullestwidth,4.2.2Havenotoggles,knots,orotherattachmentsatthefreeends,and4.2.3Bebartacked,ifthedrawstringisonecontinuousstring(see3.1.6).1ThisspecificationisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeF15onConsumerProductsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeF15.37onDrawstringsforChildren’sClothing.CurrenteditionapprovedJan.1,2004.PublishedJanuary2004.Originallyapprovedin1997.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin1997asF1816–97.2ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,@astm.org.ForAnnualBookofASTMStandardsvolumeinformation,refertothestandard’sDocumentSummarypageontheASTMwebsite.1Copyright©ASTMInternational,100BarrHarborDrive,POBoxC700,WestConshohocken,PA19428-2959,UnitedStates.5.Keywords5.1children’sclothing;drawstringsAPPENDIX(NonmandatoryInformation)X1.RATIONALEX1.1PotentialStrangulationHazard—FromJanuary1985toJune1995,theU.S.ConsumerProductSafetyCommissionreceived42reports,including12deaths,inwhichprimarilyhoodandneckdrawstringscaughtonplaygroundequipment,cribs,afence,anescalator,orfarmmachinery,resultinginactualornearstrangulation.Victimsrangedinagefrom14monthsto8years.Themajorityofthecasesinvolvedplay-groundslides.Typically,asthechilddescendedtheslide,adrawstringdroppedintoagapbetweenslidecomponents,forexample,betweentheslideandplatform,betweentheslideandtunnelcover,betweensegmentsofaspiralslide,andsoforth.Thedrawstringpulledthroughthegaptothepointwherethetoggleorknotontheendcausedittosnag.Asaresult,thechildwassuspendedpartwaydowntheslide,withthegarmentanddrawstringtautattheneck,stranglingthechild.X1.2VehicularDraggingHazard—From1991to1996,theU.S.ConsumerProductSafetyCommissionreceivedreportof12incidents,including4deaths,inwhichwaistandbottomdrawstringssnaggedonschoolbushandrailsorinschoolbusdoors.Typically,asthechilddescendedthestepstogetoffthebus,thedrawstringdroppedintoagapinthehandrail.Beforethechildordriverrealizedthatthedrawstringwassnagged,thebusdoorhadclosedandthebuswasdrivingaway,draggingthechild.Fatalitiesusuallyinvolvedthechild’sbeingrunoverbytheb