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ErnestMillerHemingway(July21,1899–July2,1961)wasanAmericanauthorandjournalist.Hisdistinctivewritingstyle,characterizedbyeconomyandunderstatement,influenced20th-centuryfiction,asdidhislifeofadventureandpublicimage.Heproducedmostofhisworkbetweenthemid-1920sandthemid-1950s.HewontheNobelPrizeinLiteraturein1954.Hemingway'sfictionwassuccessfulbecausethecharactershepresentedexhibitedauthenticitythatresonatedwithhisaudience.ManyofhisworksareclassicsofAmericanliterature.Hepublishedsevennovels,sixshortstorycollections,andtwonon-fictionworksduringhislifetime;afurtherthreenovels,fourcollectionsofshortstories,andthreenon-fictionworkswerepublishedposthumously.HemingwaywasbornandraisedinOakPark,Illinois.AfterleavinghighschoolheworkedforafewmonthsasareporterforTheKansasCityStar,beforeleavingfortheItalianfronttobecomeanambulancedriverduringWorldWarI,whichbecamethebasisforhisnovelAFarewelltoArms.Hewasseriouslywoundedandreturnedhomewithintheyear.In1922HemingwaymarriedHadleyRichardson,thefirstofhisfourwives,andthecouplemovedtoParis,whereheworkedasaforeigncorrespondent.Duringhistimetherehemetandwasinfluencedbymodernistwritersandartistsofthe1920sexpatriatecommunityknownastheLostGeneration.Hisfirstnovel,TheSunAlsoRises,waspublishedin1926.AfterdivorcingHadleyRichardsonin1927HemingwaymarriedPaulinePfeiffer;theydivorcedfollowingHemingway'sreturnfromcoveringtheSpanishCivilWar,afterwhichhewroteForWhomtheBellTolls.MarthaGellhornbecamehisthirdwifein1940,butheleftherforMaryWelshafterWorldWarII,duringwhichhewaspresentatD-DayandtheliberationofParis.ShortlyafterthepublicationofTheOldManandtheSeain1952HemingwaywentonsafaritoAfrica,wherehewasalmostkilledinaplanecrashthatlefthiminpainorill-healthformuchoftherestofhislife.HemingwayhadpermanentresidencesinKeyWest,Florida,andCubaduringthe1930sand'40s,butin1959hemovedfromCubatoKetchum,Idaho,wherehecommittedsuicideinthesummerof1961._______________________________________________________________________________TheOldManandtheSea+++++++TheOldManandtheSeaisastorybyErnestHemingway,writteninCubain1951andpublishedin1952.ItwasthelastmajorworkoffictiontobeproducedbyHemingwayandpublishedinhislifetime.Oneofhismostfamousworks,itcentersuponSantiago,anagingCubanfishermanwhostruggleswithagiantmarlinfaroutintheGulfStream.[1PlotsummaryTheOldManandtheSeatellsanepicbattlebetweenanold,experiencedfishermanandagiantmarlin.Itopensbyexplainingthatthefisherman,whoisnamedSantiago,hasgone84dayswithoutcatchinganyfishatall.Heissounluckythathisyoungapprentice,Manolin,hasbeenforbiddenbyhisparentstosailwiththeoldmanandbeenorderedtofishwithmoresuccessfulfishermen.Stilldedicatedtotheoldman,however,theboyvisitsSantiago'sshackeachnight,haulingbackhisfishinggear,gettinghimfoodanddiscussingAmericanbaseballandhisfavoriteplayerJoeDiMaggio.SantiagotellsManolinthatonthenextday,hewillventurefaroutintotheGulftofish,confidentthathisunluckystreakisnearitsend.Thusontheeighty-fifthday,Santiagosetsoutalone,takinghisskifffarontotheGulf.Hesetshislinesand,bynoonofthefirstday,abigfishthatheissureisamarlintakeshisbait.Unabletopullinthegreatmarlin,Santiagoinsteadfindsthefishpullinghisskiff.Twodaysandtwonightspassinthismanner,duringwhichtheoldmanbearsthetensionofthelinewithhisbody.Thoughheiswoundedbythestruggleandinpain,Santiagoexpressesacompassionateappreciationforhisadversary,oftenreferringtohimasabrother.Healsodeterminesthatbecauseofthefish'sgreatdignity,noonewillbeworthyofeatingthemarlin.Onthethirddayoftheordeal,thefishbeginstocircletheskiff,indicatinghistirednesstotheoldman.Santiago,nowcompletelywornoutandalmostindelirium,usesallthestrengthhehasleftinhimtopullthefishontoitssideandstabthemarlinwithaharpoon,endingthelongbattlebetweentheoldmanandthetenaciousfish.Santiagostrapsthemarlintothesideofhisskiffandheadshome,thinkingaboutthehighpricethefishwillbringhimatthemarketandhowmanypeoplehewillfeed.WhileSantiagocontinueshisjourneybacktotheshore,sharksareattractedtothetrailofbloodleftbythemarlininthewater.Thefirst,agreatmakoshark,Santiagokillswithhisharpoon,losingthatweaponintheprocess.Hemakesanewharpoonbystrappinghisknifetotheendofanoartohelpwardoffthenextlineofsharks;intotal,fivesharksareslainandmanyothersaredrivenaway.Butthesharkskeepcoming,andbynightfallthesharkshavealmostdevouredthemarlin'sentirecarcass,leavingaskeletonconsistingmostlyofitsbackbone,itstailanditshead.Finallyreachingtheshorebeforedawnonthenextday,Santiagostrugglesonthewaytohisshack,carryingtheheavymastonhisshoulder.Oncehome,heslumpsontohisbedandfallsintoadeepsleep.Agroupoffishermengatherthenextdayaroundtheboatwherethefish'sskeletonisstillattached.Oneofthefishermenmeasuresittobe18feet(5.5m)fromnosetotail.Touristsatthenearbycafémistakenlytakeitforashark.Manolin,worriedduringtheoldman'sendeavor,criesuponfindinghimsafeasleep.Theboybringshimnewspapersandcoffee.Whentheoldmanwakes,theypromisetofishtogetheronceagain.Uponhisreturntosleep,Santiagodreamsofhisyouth—oflionsonanAfricanbeach.[edit]BackgroundandpublicationHemingwayin1939.Writtenin1951,andpublishedin1952,TheOldManandtheSeaisthefinalw