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过去分词做状语一、要点精讲1.过去分词作状语，修饰谓语，说明动作发生的情况或背景，表示被动或完成的动作。其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语一致。过去分词与句子主语之间通常存在逻辑上的动宾关系。（1）过去分词的形式过去分词只有一种形式：donePraisedbytheneighbours,hebecametheprideofhisparents.受到邻居们的表扬，他成为父母的骄傲。（2）过去分词的否定式过去分词的否定形式由not+done构成Notgivenenoughtime,hecouldn’tfinishthejobontime.因为没有给他充分的时间，所以他没能按时完成工作。2.过去分词的作用：过去分词用作状语时，可以表示谓语动作所发生的原因、条件、让步、伴随、时间等。（1）Shesoonfellasleep,exhaustedbythejourney.(原因)由于旅途劳累，她很快就睡着了。（2）Givenmoreeducation,Tom’sEQcouldbeimproved.（条件）如果多受教育的话，汤姆的情商可以提高。（3）Repairedmanytimes,thecarstillbrokedownontheroad.(让步)虽然修了很多次，但这辆汽车还是在路上抛锚了。（4）Ifinallyreachedthefinishinglineentirelyexhausted.（伴随）我终于到达了终点，疲惫不堪。（5）Askedabouttheresultofhistest,hemadenoanswer.（时间）被问到他的测试结果时，他没有回答。3.区分现在分词与过去分词分词作状语时，用现在分词还是过去分词，取决于分词与句子主语之间的关系。主动关系用现在分词，被动关系用过去分词。比较：Seeingfromthetopfloor,wecanfindthegardenmorebeautiful.Seenfromthetopfloor,thegardenlooksmorebeautiful.4.作状语时，过去分词与现在分词被动式的区别过去分词可以用于表示条件，相当于一个被动的条件状语从句，但是现在分词的被动式一般不这样用。United,westand;divided,wefall.团结则存，分裂则亡。句中的过去分词United和divided均表示条件，相当于ifweareunited和ifwedivided。此句我们不能说成Beingunited,westand;beingdivided,wefall.5.有些过去分词或短语来源于系表结构，或某些动词后面加-ed转化来的形容词，作状语时不表被动而表主语的状态。常见的有lost,seated,hidden,lostin,dressedin,facedwith,absorbedin,surprised,disappointed,exhausted,frightened,satisfied,tired等。Shesatbythewindowalone,lostinthought.她独自坐在窗前，陷入沉思。Satisfiedwithwhathedid,theteacherpraisedhiminclass.老师对他的行为很满意，在班级表扬了他。6.原则上，过去分词做状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致，但在个别特殊情况下，过去分词的逻辑主语也可能与句子主语不一致，比如过去分词构成某些固定搭配或转化成介词或连词时，就可能出现这种情况。Judgedbyhisaccent,hecamefromthesouth.从她口音判断，他是南方人。Giventheirinexperience,they’vedoneagoodjob.考虑到他们没有经验，这工作已做得很不错了。第一句中的Judgedby为固定搭配，表示：根据“……来判断”，第二句中的given是介词“考虑到”。走出误区：1.判断句子是否为并列句，是并列句的话，不需要使用分词作状语；2.分词的逻辑主语（即分词动作的发出者）要与句子的主语一致；3.辨清分词（短语）与其逻辑主语的关系是主动还是被动，主动关系时用现在分词，被动关系时用过去分词。二、典例剖析【例题】______inpainting,Johndidn’tnoticeeveningapproaching.A.ToabsorbB.TobeabsorbedC.AbsorbedD.Absorbing【答案】C【解析】句意：全神贯注于绘画中，约翰没有注意到夜幕降临了。短语beabsorbedin全神贯注于，这里是过去分词做原因状语。故选C。本题考查的非谓语动词为高中重点语法之一。在分析题目的时候，首先要抓住非谓语动词所对应的逻辑主语，确定逻辑主语之后，再分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系，最后根据句意选择正确的答案。【难度】一般三、精题精练1．Likeancientsailors,birdscanfindtheirway____thesunandthestars.A.usedB.havingusedC.usingD.use2．______fortwodays,Stevemanagedtofinishhisreportonschedule.A.ToworkB.WorkedC.TobeworkingD.Havingworked3．Videogamescanbeapoorinfluenceif________inthewronghands.A.toleaveB.leavingC.leaveD.left4．therightkindoftraining,theseteenagesoccerplayersmayonedaygrowintointernationalstars.A.HavinggivenB.GiveC.GivenD.Togive5．____attheparty,wesawRuthstandingaloneinthecornerofthehall.A.ArrivingB.ToarriveC.ArriveD.Arrived6．Atthemeeting,thebossannouncedthatallthings________intoconsideration,theplannedtripwouldhavetobecalledoff．A．takenB．takingC．totakeD．beingtaken7．Mostofhersparetime______,shestillkeptonherresearchinthelibrary．A．occupiedB．tobeoccupiedC．wasoccupiedD．hadbeenoccupied8．Thedetective,pretendingtobereadinganewspaper,________atthemanseatednexttoawoman．A．glancedB．glancingC．toglanceD．havingglanced9．_____bythelatestelectronictoys,thelittleboystoodinfrontofthewindows,withoutmoving．A．TobearrestedB．ArrestedC．HavingarrestedD．Arresting10．—CouldyoupleaseexplaintheassignmentforMonday,MissSmith？—Certainly.Readthenextchapterandcometoclass________todiscusswhatyou’veread.A．preparingB．preparedC．toprepareD．tobeprepared11．_____thebigsnake,thelittlegirlstoodunderthetree_____outoflife.A．Seen;frightenedB．Seeing;frighteningC．Seeing;frightenedD．Tosee;frightening12．Therainyweatherlastedforacoupleofdays,completely_______ourplanforapicnic.A．beingruinedB．toruinC．ruinedD．ruining13．First_______in1926,theoperaTurandotstillattractsaudiencefromallovertheworld.A．performB．performingC．toperformD．performed14．Shesatatherdesk,withhereyes______onthebook,______initsplot.A.fixing;absorbingB.fixed;absorbedC.fixed;absorbingD.fixing;absorbed15．Theyoungmanrushedoutoftheroom,______intohiscarandstartedithurriedly,______togethomeassoonaspossible.A.got;hopedB.getting;andhopedC.got;hopingD.getting;hoped16．When________,themuseumwillbeopentothepulicnextyear.A.tobecompleted.B.completingC.beingcompletedD.completed17．Anindividualhumanexistenceshouldbelikeariver---smallatfirst,narrowlycontainedwithinitsbanks,and_____passionatelypastrocksandoverwaterfalls.A．torushB．rushingC．rushedD．rush18．________intouseinApril2012,thehotlinewasmeantforresidentsreportingwaterandheatingsupplybreakdowns.A.PuttingB.PutC.HavingputD.Beingput19．Withaviewtofightingagainstcrimesonline,theauthorityhostedananti-piracyconcertwithover100popsingers,_______fansnottobuypiratedmusicandmovies.A.urgingB.tourgeC.havingurgedD.urged20．Theconflictbetweeneconomicdevelopmentandenvironmentalprotection,ifnotappropriately_________,cancausedisastrousconsequencesindailylifesettings.A.beingmanagedB.tomanageC.managedD.managing21．—Hedidn’tfeelabitnervouswhen________.—No．He’dhadalotoftime________foritafterall.A．interviewing；toprepareB．interviewed；toprepareC．interviewing；preparingD．beinginterviewed；preparing22．Although________aboutfatness,shestillhasconfidenceinherperformanceofdailylife.A.teasedB.teasingC.teaseD.totease23．Therefugeecrisis（难