细胞色素P450酶的时间依赖性抑制研究及其在新药研发中的作用-谢珊珊

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(ChinJNewDrugsClinRem),20136,326。,(、)(、、)。,(CYP)P450,[]1007-7669(2013)06-0419-08P450谢珊珊1,王盼1,郭建军2,詹彧2,卜海之2,陈西敬1(1.,210009;2.,215104)[]P450;;;;;;[]P450,P450,。(、IC50shift、),。[]R96[]AResearchadvancesoftime-dependentinhibitionofcytochromeP450enzymesindrugdiscoveryanddevelopmentXIEShan-shan1,WANGPan1,GUOJian-jun2,ZHANYu2,BUHai-zhi2,CHENXi-jing1(1.CenterofDrugMetabolismandPharmacokinetics,ChinaPharmaceuticalUniversity,NanjingJIANGSU210009,China;2.3DBioOptimaCo.,Ltd.,SuzhouJIANGSU215104,China)[KEYWORDS]cytochromeP450;time-dependentinhibition;biotransformation;structure-activityrela-tionship;mechanism-basedinactivation;druginteractions;clinicalprediction[ABSTRACT]CytochromeP450enzymesmediatedthemetabolismoftheoverwhelmingmajorityofdrugs.Someclinicaldruginteractionproblemswereduetothedrugscausedbytime-dependentinhibition(TDI)ofcytochromeP450enzymes.However,TDIstudywasnotincludedinroutineinvitroinhibitionscreeningprotocols.ThisarticalreviewedthesignificanceandevaluationmethodsofTDIresearch.Meanwhile,anintroductiononthestrategiesforclinicalpredictionusinginvitrodatawaspresented.[]2012-10-30[]2013-03-20[](XG0826)[],,,,E-mail:xsbrownie@163.com;,,,,,Phn:86-25-8327-1286,E-mail:chenxj-lab@hotmail.com;,,,,Phn:86-512-6768-3273,E-mail:haizhi.bu@3dbiooptima.com[],419··(ChinJNewDrugsClinRem),20136,326(、)(、),。CYPP450,80%CYP1A2、CYP2C8、CYP2C9、CYP2C19、CYP2D6CYP3A[1]。P450,,。P450(、)。(-),,,,[2]。,,。(time-dependentinhibition,TDI)。,TDI[3,4],TDI,TDI。TDIP450TDI,,(mechanism-basedinhibition,MBI)TDI,CYP(reactivemetabolite),()[5]。MBIP450,P450,P450(4~7d)[6],,。,TDI,,CYP,TDI,;,MBIP450,,,[7];,P450,,[8]。TDI,。,TDI,,,[9,10],(mibefradil),TL[11],,。,,CYP3A4,,,。,TDI。(gemfibrozil),[12],,[13]。,CYP2C9[14],S-CYP2C9[9,15],。,CYP2C8[16]。,TDI。FDA2012,TDI,TDI[17]。(PhRMA)2009TDI[18],。TDI,,,TDI,,,。TDIP450,、P450、,IC50,,。,,。,,CYP3A4IC50,CYP3A[19,20],CYP3A,420··(ChinJNewDrugsClinRem),20136,326CYP3A。,CYP3AP450[21]。,TDI。,,TDI[22-24]。,、,、IC50Shift;,,KI、kinact,。1[25],,(NADPH)37℃,30~60min,,,(NADPH),P450。,,(1)NADPH,TDI。%activityloss=100×AactivatorAvehicle!-NADPH-AactivatorAvehicle!+NADPH(1)(1)%activityloss,(Aactivator/Avehical)-NADPHNADPH,(Aactivator/Avehical)+NADPHNADPH。、、、,。2IC50Shift,IC50Shift,[26-28],NADPH37℃,30min,;,NADPH,,,NADPHIC50,IC50,TDI。1IC50Shift,NADPHIC50NADPH,。BERRY[29]TDIIC50Shift,TDI,(delavirdine)CYP3A4,NADPH,IC5053μmol·L-1,NADPH,IC501.1μmol·L-1,48;(paroxetine)CYP2D6IC5021。IC50Shift,IC50,。3,,KI、kinact,。P450(2):kobs=kinact×[I]KI+[I](2)kobs,kinact,KI,[I]。,,,。2,kobs(),,TDI、,,。3,[]1IC50Shift421··(ChinJNewDrugsClinRem),20136,3262--3(kobs)-([I])Lineweaver-Burk,kinactKI。,,,,。,,IC50Shift,。TDI,,、、P450[30-32]。,。P450,、,、,,[33]。,、,,CYP,,,,。TDI,[7],TDI、、,、、,P450,,(structure-activityrelation-ship,SAR),1。TDI、,。,、。P450,P450,AUC。(3)[37]:AUCiAUC=1fmP45!01+kinact×[I]invivoKI×kdeg+1-fmP45!0#$(3)AUCi/AUCP450,fm(P450)P450,kdegP450,[I]invivoP450。,CYP3A,P45070%[38],,CYP3A,(4)[25]:AUCiAUC=1Fg+(1-Fg)×11+kinact×[I]gkdeg,CYP3A,gut×([I]g+KI)×1fmCYP3!A1+kinact×[I]invivoKI×kdeg,CYP3A,hep+[1-fm(CYP3A)](4)Fg,[I]g,fm(CYP3A)CYP3A,kdeg,CYP3A,gutkdeg,CYP3A,hepCYP3A。(3)(4),(KI,kinact)、([I]invivo)、P450/(kdeg)、P450(fm(P450))(Fg,CYP3A),fm(P450)kdeg[39,40],()422··(ChinJNewDrugsClinRem),20136,326[I]invivo,(cmax),(fu×cmax)(cmax,u,inlet),(5)[41]:1TDIP450KI/μmol·L-1kinact/min-11(clarithromycin)CYP3A415.7[34]0.063[34]2(delavirdine)CYP3A45.2[29]0.056[29]3(furafylline)CYP1A24.0[27]0.60[27]4(gemfibrozil)CYP2C829[35]0.072[35]5(metoclopramide)CYP2D621[29]0.028[29]6(mibefradil)CYP3A40.13[29]0.042[29]7(mifepristone)CYP3A43.6[22]0.110[22]8(paroxetine)CYP2D60.94[29]0.074[29]9(tienilicacid)CYP2C91.1[27]0.46[27]10(zileuton)CYP1A2117[36]0.035[36]423··(ChinJNewDrugsClinRem),20136,326cmax,u,inlet=fu×cmax+D×ka×FaQh!(5)cmax,u,inlet,fu,D,ka,Fa,Qh(1450mL·min-1),CYP3A,[I]g,(6)[42]:[I]g=D×ka×FaQg(6)Qg(248mL·min-1),。,KIkinact,IC50shift,(7)(8)[25]:AUCiAUC=11+[I]invivo0.5×IC50+[1-fm(P450)](7)AUCiAUC=1Fg+(1-Fg)×11+[I]g0.5×IC50#$$$$$$$%&’’’’’’’(×1fm(CYP3A)1+[I]invivo0.5×IC50#$$$$$$$$%&’’’’’’’’(+1-fmCYP3!A)*(8)CYP3A,(7)、(8)IC50IC50shiftNADPHIC50,shiftedIC50,(3)、(4)。(3),(staticmodel),,。,CYP3A、,。,PBPK,,PBPK(invitro-invivoextrapolation,IVIVE)。SimCyppolulation-basedADMEsimulator、、、,、、、,、、、,、/[43]。,。,,,。,,,,。TDI,,,。、,,TDI。,TDI,、。[][1]WIENKERSLC,HEATHTG.Predictinginvivodruginteractionsfrominvitrodrugdiscoverydata[J].NatRevDrugDiscov,2005,4(10):825-833.[2]MUKADAMS,TAYS,TRAND,etal.Evaluationoftime-dependentcytochromep450inhibitioninahigh-throughput,automatedassay:introducinganovelareaunderthecurveshiftapproach[J].DrugMetabLett,2012,6(1):43-53.[3]ZHOUS,CHANE,LIMLY,etal.Therapeuticdrugsthatbehaveasmechanism-basedinhibitorsofcytochromeP4503A4[J].CurrDrugMetab,2004,5(5):415-442.[4]ZHOUS,YUANCHANS,CHERGOHB,etal.Mechanism-basedinhibitionofcytochromeP4503A4bytherapeuticdrugs[J].ClinPharmacolinet,2005,44(3):279-304.[5]VANDENBRINKBM,ISOHERRANENN.Theroleofmetabolitesinpredictingdrug-druginteractions:focusonirreversiblecytochromeP450inhibition[J].CurrOpinDrugDiscovDevel,2010,13(1):66-77.[6]KALGUTKARAS,OBACHRS,MAURERTS.Mechanism-basedinactivationofc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