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学大教育个性化教案1/13阅读理解专题一适用学科英语适用年级初二适用区域全国课时时长120分钟知识点阅读理解三大题型：细节事实题、主旨大意题、推理判断题。教学目标使学生掌握阅读理解题型的做题方法教学重点阅读理解题解题方法教学难点阅读理解题型的文章理解教学过程一、复习预习你在初中阶段学过哪些阅读理解解题方法？二、知识讲解体裁分析能力论述文的阅读难在这种文章处处都渗透作者的个人观点、态度。阅读论述文应该从文体的写作和结构特点入手.文章的结构往往容易把握，用主题句开门见山。作者往往通过信号词(signalwords或transitionalwords)和关联词(referents来组织段落、文章.对信号词的迅速反应和对关联词的准确判断是至关重要的；要特别注意区分作者的观点与文章里所提到的人物的观点，同时注意作者所使用的表示赞同、反对等感情色彩的词汇。分析题干能力细节类问题的命题方式有以下几种：1)WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtotheinformationinthepassage?学大教育个性化教案2/132)Theauthormentionsallofthefollowingexcept...3)Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrectaccordingtothepassage?4)Thewritermentionsalloftheitemslistedbelowexcept______.5)Whichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassage?6)Whatistheexampleof...asdescribedinthepassage?7)Thereasonfor...is...8)Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,etc.)...9)Fromthepassageweknowthat______.10)Inthepassage,theauthorstatesthat______.细节理解题：细节理解题就是我们常见的wh-题，它们大多是根据文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。有些问题可以在文章中直接找到答案，有些则要我们在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化才能找到，比如计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等。做此类题的方法一般是先用寻读法找出与问题相关的词语或句子，再对相关的部分进行细读，找出正确答案。主旨大意题的提问方式有以下几种：1）Thegeneral/mainideaofthepassageisabout____．2）Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthethemeofthepassage？3）Inthispassagetheauthordiscussesprimarily____．4）Thepassageismostlyabout____．5）Thepassageismainlyconcernedabout____．6）Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage？7）Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage？8）Thesubjectdiscussedinthistextis_____9）Theauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthepassageisto…10）Thepassageismeantto….11）Thepurposeofthisarticleisto…有关推理的试题常常包括以下类型：学大教育个性化教案3/131)Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat______.2)Fromthetextweknowthat______.3)Thestoryimpliesthat______.4)Theparagraphfollowingthepassagewillmostprobablybe___.5)Thewriter’sattitudetoward...is______.6)Theauthorimplied（suggested）that．．．7)Itmaybeconcludedfromthepassagethat．．．8)Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesthepassagesupport？9)Withwhichofthefollowingdoestheauthoragree？考作者观点态度的提问方式有：1)Theauthorseemstothinkthat______.2)Thewriteristryingtopresentapointofviewin______.3)Theauthorwantstoappealto_______.4)Theauthor’sstyleis______.5)Theauthor’stonewouldbebestdescribedas_______.6)Whatistheauthor’sopinionof______?7)Thewriterbelievethat________?8)Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeinthepassage?9）Intheauthor'sopinion_________?推断题1.(1)(2)推理的根据来自于上下文。2.解推断题最主要的方法是根据词义关系推断具体细节。确定作者态度，可以有两种思路：1、问全文主体事物的(包括主题)，可以根据阐述主题或有关主体事物的相关句中的形容词、副词或动词确学大教育个性化教案4/13定作者的态度；2、如果问的是对某一具体事物的态度，则可以定位到具体相关句，然后确定答案。三、例题精析InvitedbyMr.YeHuixian,hostofthewellreceivedTVprogramme“StarsTonight”，MissLuoLin,MissAsiaof1991，appearedastheguesthostessontheShanghaiTVscreenlastSunday.BorninShanghaiandtakentoHongKongwhenshewasonlysixyearsold，LuoLinhasneverdreamedofbeingMissAsia.Herchildhooddreamwastobeanairhostess.Beforeshetookpartinthecompetition,shehadbeenanairhostessinCathayAirlineforsevenyears.However，itstilltookherthreemonthstolearntheartofwalkingonthestage,dancing,singing,making-upandotherpropermanners,designedbytheAsiaTVStation.“It’sreallyahardjobforme.Iwon’tenterforsuchcompetitionanymore.Anyhow,Iamquitelucky.IamalsogladtohavehadmorechancetoworkforthesocialwelfaresinceIwonthetitle.Thistime,inShanghai,I'dlovetomakeadeepimpressiononmyTVaudience,saidLuoLinwithasweetsmile.Q：WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.LuoLinisanativeofShanghai.B.LuoLinmovedtoHongKongwithherparents.C.LuoLinwonthetitleofMissAsiain1991.D.AsiaTVStationhelpedLuoLintobecomeMissAsia.解析：A、C和D都可在原文找到答案，而B项原文列的是：takentoHongKong可判断不是movedtoHongKongwithherparents，因此选B。Example2Onedayamanwalkedintoapetshopandsaidtotheshopassistant，“Ineedtwosmallmiceandaboutfivedozenroaches(蟑螂)andtwospiders.“Whatdoyouneedthesethingsfor?”theshopassistantwasverysurprised.“Well，”repliedtheman，“I’mmovingoutofmyapartmentandthelandlordinsiststhatIshouldleavethehouseinexactlythesameconditionasIfoundit.Q：Thepassagesuggeststhatwhenthewritermovedintothehouse,itwas______.学大教育个性化教案5/13A.verycleanB.justcleanedbythelandlordC.tidyandcomfortableD.dirtyandfullofinsects解析：他要搬出所租的房子，而房东要求房屋必须是他租进来时的原样，所以他须买些老鼠和蟑螂等昆虫对房屋进行“恢复”，因此推出答案为D。Example3Somepeopleareneverright.Theyneverhavegoodluck.Theyusuallydothewrongthingandsaythewrongthing.AndevenifwhattheysayordoisOK，theyasarulesayitordoitatthewrongtime.Sothesepeoplealwayshaveproblems.Theyoftenbreakdishes.Theysometimesmissbusesandairplanes.Mr.Neffisdifferent.Heisalwaysright.Heisneverwrong.Heusuallyhasgoodluck.Heseldomhasproblems.Heneverbreaksdishes.Henevermissesbusesorairplanes.Evenifhedoesmissthem，itisalwaysthefaultofthebusesorairplanes.Mr.Neffknowsalmosteverything.Hedoesn’taskquestions；heanswersquestions.Heneversays，“Idon’tknow.Q：Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthewriter’sattitudetoMr.Neff?A.HefindsMr.Neffhardtounderstand.B.HethinksMr.Neffwonderful.C.HefeelspityforMr.Neff.D.HedoesnotlikeMr.Neff.解析：从作者的语气中我们可以体会他的态度，特别是Evenifhedoesmissthem，itisalwaysthefaultofthebusesortheairplanes.误了车或飞机本该是人的失误怎能归咎于车或飞机呢？明显是讥讽，也是暗示他对Mr.Neff的讨厌之情。答案为D。四、课堂运用阅读理解·“老”字趣谈每个国家都有各自的文化习惯，而这种文化上的差异往往会引起一定的误会，不过只要熟悉对方的风俗习惯做到入乡随俗，一切就OK啦！学大教育个性化教案6/13WhenmyfamilymovedtoAmericain2010fromasmallvillageinGuangdong,China,webroughtnotonlyourlug