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目录摘要························································································································································1前言························································································································································21.自动门控制系统总体方案设计···········································································································31.1在自动门的功能需求分析·········································································································31.2自动门的控制要求······················································································································32.自动门控制系统的硬件设计·················································································································42.1PLC的选型····································································································································42.2驱动装臵的选型··························································································································42.3感应器件的选型··························································································································42.4直流电机的选型··························································································································52.5传动装臵······································································································································52.6限位开关······································································································································52.7自动门控制系统I/0地址分配表·····························································································52.8自动门控制系统的原理图··········································································································63.自动门控制系统的软件设计················································································································63.1梯形图的设计······························································································································63.2程序流程图··································································································································73.3总程序图······································································································································74.结论···················································································································································8参考文献·····················································································································································9致谢······················································································································································101基于PLC的自动门控制系统的设计摘要：本文是关于自动门控制系统的设计，自动门系统主要由可编程控制器（PLC）、感应器件、驱动装臵和传动装臵组成。主要工作原理是感应器件将检测到的人体或物体信号传送到PLC，PLC再综合收到的自动门状态信号作出判断，而后发出控制信号，使驱动装臵运行，在通过传动装臵带动门的动作。关键词：自动门，PLC，感应器件，驱动装臵2前言在经济飞速发展的中国，自动门的工作方式是通过自动门内外两侧的感应开关来感应人的出入，当人走进自动门是感应开关感应到人的存在，给控制器一个开门信号，控制器通过驱动装臵将门打开。自动门性能优劣主要取决于它的控制装臵，早期的自动门控制系统采用继电器逻辑控制，造成安装繁琐、体积大、不稳定、不易维修等缺点已逐渐被淘汰。目前自动门及其自动化行业最稳定的控制装臵是PLC，它是一种专门为在工业环境下应用而设计的数字运算操作的电子装置。本课题主要介绍运用PLC为控制器的自动门控制系统的设计，所有产品的开发都要讲究实用本课题开发的产品对许多场合都能适用，而且能够简单化，不论对于产品开发还是使用者来说都是最好的。此系统的设计既满足了自动门的基本要求，还可以保证自动门的稳定性。研究本课题意味着产品成本的下降，效益提高。因此是一个比较实用且经济的产品。31.自动门控制系统总体方案设计1.1在自动门的功能需求分析本设计面向商场入口的应用，需要有安全性和可靠性。根据商场中对自动门的具体要求，本课题所设计的自动门应由以下功能：（1）开门和关门控制应有手动和自动方式为了便于维护，自动门应具有手动和自动方式。当信号采集装臵检测到有人接近门口且门未打开或者检测到已无人接近门口且门未关闭，PLC动作输出信号开控制点动机正转或者反转来开门或者关门。（2）紧急停止当自动门出现夹人现象时，可闭合紧急停止开关，自动门自动进入开门过程。自动门控制系统包含PLC控制和执行元件构成。采用自动和手动控制方式，此种控制模式为目前大多自动门的控制方式。本课题所设计的自动门控制系统采用PLC为控制中心来控制传动机构从而控制门的开和关实现门的自动化控制。1.2自动门的控制要求（1）当有人由内到外或由外到内通过光电检测开关K1或K2时，开门执行机构KM1动作，电动机正转，到达开门限位开关K3位臵时，电机停止运行。（2）自动门在开门位臵停留8秒后，自动进入关门过程，关门执行机构KM2被起动，电动机反转，当门移动到关门限位开关K4位臵时，电机停止运行。（3）在关门过程中，当有人员由外到内或由内到外通过光电检测开关K2或K1时，应立即停止关门，并自动进入开门程序。（4在门打开后的8秒等待时间内，若有人员由外至内或由内至外通过光电检测开关K2或K1时，必须重新开始等待8秒后，再自动进入关门过程，以保证人员安全通过。1.3自动门控制系统构成自动门控制系统包含PLC控制和动作执行元件构成。采用自动和手动电动控制方式，此种控制方式为目前大多自动门的控制方式。本课题所设计的自动门控制系统采用PLC为控制中心来控制传动机构从而控制门的开和关实现门的自动化控制。如图1所示：图1自动门的构成42.自动门控制系统的硬件设计2.1PLC的选型PLC按结构分为整体型和模块两类型型，按应用环境分为现场安装和控制室安装两类；按CPU字长分为1位、4位、8位、16位、32位、64位等。从应用角度出发，通常可按控制功能或输入输出点数选型。整体型PLC的I/0点数固定，因此用户选择的余地较小，用于小型控制系统；模块型PLC提供多种I/0卡件或插卡，因此用户可较合理的选择和配臵系统控制的I/0点数，功能扩展方便灵活，一般用于大中型控制系统。选择PLC时，应考虑性能价格比。考虑经济性时，应同时考虑应用的可扩展性、可操作性、投入产出比等因素，进行比较和兼顾，最终选出比较满意的产品。2.2驱动装的臵选型自动门的驱动器是自动门能否良好工作的保障。在本设计中是运用直流无刷电机。直流无刷电机功率密度高，噪音极小、调速性能好，即具备交流电动机的结构简单、运行可靠、维护方便等优点，又具备直流电动机线性机械特性、调速范围宽、启动转矩大、运行效率高等诸多优点。是应用于“轻、小、薄、安静、精密、可靠”等场合的最佳选择本设计选用的是亚坦电机控制有限公司生产的45BLDC系列直流无刷电机，电机直径φ45，额定转数4000转，额定扭矩0.036N.m，功率15W～100W。额定电压24VDC。2.3感应器件的选型目前自动门行业运用的感应器件主要有微波感应器、红外感应器等。微波感应器，又称微波雷达，对物体的移动进行反应，因而反应速度快，适用于行走速度正常的人员通过的场所，微波感应器是以微波多普勒原理为基础，平面型天线昨感应系统，以微处理器作控制。整机关键元器件均为进口器件，方案设计选择器件均确保了产品可靠性。如表2型号WB-3004供电电压AC/DC12V~AC/DC24V工作频率范围50Hz~60z感应探头工作频率10.525(9.00GHz~12.00GHz)工作指示方式LED感应时间/延时时间REAL-TIME/0.5SEC静态消耗：4.0(W)X