初二英语形容词和副词的语法精讲

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.WORD.格式..资料分享.初二英语形容词和副词的语法精讲王春娟杨凌高新中学教学目标:集中学习初中英语形容词与副词及比较级及最高级的用法。教学内容:(一)形容词用法1.形容词可分为两大类:描绘形容词和限定形容词。描绘形容词是描写人或物的颜色、尺寸、形状、性质、状态等的形容词。限定形容词用于限定被修饰词的数量、距离、所有关系等。除了these和those外,形容词的单数与复数形式相同。描绘形容词beautiful,large,red,interesting,colourfulimportant限定形容词基数词(one,two)序数词(first,second)物主代词(my,your)指示代词(this,that,these)数量词(few,many)冠词(a,an,the)2.形容词的位置修饰语一般应置于被修饰语之前,但当几个形容词修饰同一名词时,其排列顺序一般如下:形容词性代词→数量词→描绘形容词allboththe,a(n)this,thatfirstone性质尺寸形状新旧温度颜色国籍材料goodlargeoldredChineseironsuchyour,some,manysecondtwofinesmallhotblueEnglishstoneExample:thatstrongyoungChineseswimmer注意:形容词前有as,so,no,too,how等词时,不定冠词应置于形容词之后。Sheistookindagirltorefuse.在下列情况下,修饰语应置于被修饰的名词后:(1)名词之后的数量词+名词+old,long,wide等。aboysixyearsold,astreettwokilometerslong(2)为了加强语气或音调美,将描绘形容词置于名词之后。Hehadafacethinandworn.(3)something,anything,everyone,anybody…+形容词。There’snothingwrongwiththeelectriccooker.(4)作定语用的分词或形容词短语Thejudgehastalkedtoallthepeopleinvolved.所包含的(形式复杂的)3.“数词+名词”构成的形容词(1)数词+名词,如atwo-weektour,aten-pagereport等。(2)数词+名词+形容词,如aseven-year-oldboy等。(3)名词(无冠词)+基数词=the+序数词+名词,如Unit6=theSixthUnit(4)“数量词+复数名词”作主语,虽然是复数形式,但仍然用单数动词,作为一个单位来表示。如果强调个别数,则须用复数动词。Tenyearsisquitealongtimetohim..WORD.格式..资料分享.TwomonthshavepassedsinceIlastheardfrommyparents.(二)副词1.副词的构成如下:(1)本身就是副词,如very,now,there,quite等.(2)有形容词后缀如-ly,如happily,carefully等。(3)有些副词与形容词同形,如early,high,long,fast,hard等。注意:有些-ly结尾的词不是副词而是形容词,如manly,friendly,queenly(女王的威严的,慷慨的)等。2.副词的位置(1)修饰形容词和副词时,须放在被修饰词之前,如:Thesceneryaroundhereisverybeautiful.(2)always,never,often,sometimes,usually等表示频率的副词在一般动词前,be动词后,有助动词时,在助动词和动词之间。Heusuallygetsupearly,buthegotuplatetoday.IhavenevermethimandIhopeIwillnevermeethim.(3)有两个以上不同种类的副词作修饰语时,其顺序为地点(小地点+大地点)→状态→次数→时间(单位小的时间+单位大的时间)。TheyarrivedinParissafelytheotherday.(4)seldom,rarely,never等具有否定意义的频率副词置于句首时,助动词或be动词须放在主语的前面(也叫倒装句),如:NeverdidIhearsuchafunnystory.=Ineverheardsuchafunnystory.3.几个特殊副词的用法(1)enough须置于所修饰的形容词和副词之后;too须置于所修饰的形容词和副词之前。ShespeaksEnglishwellenoughtobeaninterpreter译员,口译者It’stoohotadaytowork.但enough修饰名词时须置于名词之前。Haveyougotenoughmoneyforthismicrowave(微波)oven(烤炉,烤箱)?(2)too…(for…)+不定式(to),作“太……而不能”解;enough+不定式,意思是“足够可以”,这一结构可转换成so…that结构。Theboywasstilltooyoungtogotoschool.→Hewassoyoungthathecouldnotgotoschool.ThemanisrichenoughtobuyaRoll-Royce.→HeissorichthathecanbuyaRoll-Royce.(3)already用于肯定句,作“已经”解;yet用于否定句,作“还”解,用于疑问句作“已经”解,still作“仍然”解。Ihavealreadyseenthefilm.Haveyouseenthefilmyet?Istillpreferteatocoffee.(4)随着only和also在句中位置的改变,句意和语气也会改变。OnlyMr.Licametoseemetoday.Mr.Licametoseeonlymetoday.Mr.Licametoseemeonlytoday..WORD.格式..资料分享.(三)形容词的比较等级形容词比较等级的规则变化如下表:构成法原级比较级最高级1、单音节词末尾加-er和-est伟大的greatgreatergreatest2、单音节词如以-e结尾,只加-r和-stbrave勇敢的fine好的braverfinerbravestfinest3、闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母,须先双写这个辅音字母,再加-er和-estbig大的hot热的biggerhotterbiggesthottest4、少数以-y,-er,-ow,-ble结构的双音节词,末尾加-er,和-est(以-y结尾的词,如-y前是辅音字母,则y变为i,再加-er和-est。以-e结尾的词仍只加-r和-st)happy快乐的clever聪明的narrow狭窄的able能happiercleverernarrowerablerhappiestcleverestnarrowestablest5、其它双音节和多音节词皆在前面加单词more和most.difficult困难的moredifficultmostdifficult(四)形容词比较等级部分不规则变化表原级比较级最高级goodwellbetterBestbadillworseworstmanymuchmoreMostlittlefewlessLeastfarfartherfurtherfarthestfurthestoldolderelderoldesteldestlatelatterlaterlastlatest(五)形容词、副词比较等级的基本用法形容词与副词都有三个比较等级。(1)原级常用于“as+原级+as”结构。Helikesherasmuchashelikeshissister.否定的原级用notas…as或notso…as,二者一般无甚区别。Hedoesnotsmokesoheavilyashisbrother.(2)比较级常用于“比较级+than”结构。Heistallerthanme.否定比较与否定原级一样,也用notas(so)…as…结构,也可用less…than结构.ThiswordislessfrequentinBritishEnglishthaninAmericanEnglish.(3)两个人或物比较时,定冠词the+比较级表示最高级。.WORD.格式..资料分享.Heisthetallerofthetwo.(4)最高级常用于“the+最高级+比较范围”结构,比较范围为短语或从句。Itisthebestpictureinthehall.(5)含有否定词的比较级,如①nolessthan=asmuch(ormany)as“不亚于”notlessthan=atleast“至少”②noless…than=as…as“和……一样”notless+原级+than“至少不亚于”③nomore…than=not…anymorethan“和……一样不……”notmore…than=notso…as“不像……那样……”④nomorethan=only“只不过”,言其少notmorethan=atmost“不多于”,“至少”(6)表示“几倍于”用twice(两倍),threetimes(三倍)+as…as,Thisbookcoststwiceasmuchastheotherone.(7)the+比较级……,the+比较级,意思是“越……就越”,如:Theharderyouwork,themoreyouwilllearn.(8)比较结构之前可用程度状语加以修饰,如as…as前可用almost,nearly,just(about),quite等词语修饰,如:Johnisalmostastallashisfather.(9)在morethan结构之前可用far,(so)verymuch,(quite)alot,agreatdeal,(just)abit,still,far等词语修饰,如:HespeaksEnglishalotmorerapidlythanhedoesFrench.(10)比较级+and+比较级,作“越来……越”解,如:Thedaysaregettinglongerandlonger.当堂检测:【典型例题】一.形容词与副词练习1.Heisa_____________boy.(good,well)2.Theseare_____________classroom.(bright,brightly)3.Heisa_____________man.(real,really)4.Heis_____________aman.(real,really)5.Theyare_____________girls.(careful,carefully)keys:1.good2.bright3.real4.really5.careful6.They_____________walkedintotheroom.(quiet,quietly)7.Heis_____________hurt.(bad,badly)8.Themanwas_____________ill.(serious,seriously)9._____________themanwasn’tbadlyhurt.(lucky,luckily)10.Theyarecarryingsome_____________boxes.(heavy,heavily)keys:6.quietly7.badly8.seriously9.Luckily10.heavy11.Englishis_____________spokenintheworld.(wide,widely)12.Knivesare_____________usedforcuttingthings.(wide,widely)13.Riceis_____________growninthesouth.(main,mainl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