高考英语书面表达特训单俊刚2010.12.12一、弄清一个概念1.优秀英语作文的标准是什么?极优档(30分)(很少)上档(18---29分)一.优秀(26—29)要点全面,紧扣主题,观点表达充分,能有效使用连接成分,具备较强的书面表达能力。语言小错(拼写,标点)少于四个,不能有一处大错。二.良好(22---25)要点全面紧扣主题,观点表达较充分,语言有少量错误,(大错不超过三个。)但基本不影响意思表达。三.一般(18—21)要点全面,紧扣主题。语言表达基本充分,语言错误影响部分意思的表达,但多数句子基本正确。说明:作文要达到及格线(18分)以上,必须要点全。也就是说,如果缺要点最多只能得17分。但又同时规定,对于语言表达特别好的作文可以突破这个限制,划入良好档,但最多不得超过22分。关于时态,每出现一处时态错误,均以大错论处。下档(0—17分)四.较差(13---17)能够写出基本要点,行文不连贯,语言错误较多,半数句子基本正确五.差(6---12)能够写出部分要点,能够写出部分与内容相关的可读句。六.很差(0----5)只能写出与内容相关的词语,没有有效信息,抄写其他文章或只写出部分单词。一、弄清一个概念1.优秀英语作文的标准是什么?补充说明:1.关于大错小错问题:小错:单词拼写,冠词,大小写,标点符号错误。大错:搭配错误,词语用错,(介词,名词,动词,形容词副词,主谓一致,非谓语动词,句式结构)2.字数少于120,减去2分。3.书写差,减去2分,如影响交际,将分数降低一个档次。总结:什么样的作文是一篇好作文•无遗漏信息点,即要点全面•篇章条理清晰:分段和过渡词•句式复杂多样•地道的高级词汇和恰当的词组接下来,我们具体感知一下优秀作文的要素。二、感知典型范例——词汇层面1•adj.聪明的、脑筋好的•clever•→wise•→smart•→bright•→intelligent二、感知典型范例——词汇层面2•adj.令人惊奇的•surprising•→amazing•→astonishing•他昨天下午来的。1.Hecamehereyesterdayafternoon.2.Hedidn’tcomehereuntilyesterdayafternoon.3.Notuntilyesterdayafternoondidhecomehere.4.Itwasyesterdayafternoonthathecamehere.二、感知典型范例——句型层面1•令她吃惊的是,小女孩知道这么多事情。1.Heissurprisedthatthelittlegirlknowssomanythings.2.Tohissurprise,thelittlegirlknowssomanythings.3.Whatsurpriseshimisthatthelittlegirlknowssomanythings.二、感知典型范例——句型层面2二、感知典型范例——段落层面1Thisvillageisverysmall.Ithasnearly100familiesandabout500people.Itusedtobeverypoor.Ithaschangedalotsince1978.Peopleherearericherthanbefore.Nowitistakingonanewlook.Thisvillageisverysmall,whichhasnearly100familiesandabout500people.Itusedtobeverypoor.However,ithaschangedalotsince1978.Peoplehereareleadingaricherandhappierlifethanbefore.Nowitistakingonanewlook.二、感知典型范例——段落层面2Ithink,foruschildren,weshouldoftengohomeandstaytogetherwithourparentsthoughwearebusy.Oursocietyshouldorganizeallkindsofactivitiesfortheseniorstohelpthemlivehappily.Wecanbuildaharmonioussocietyonlywhenallofuscarefortheaged.AsfarasIamconcerned,foruschildren,weshouldoftengohomeandstaytogetherwithourparentshoweverbusyweare.What’smore,oursocietyshouldorganizeallkindsofactivitiesfortheseniorstohelpthemliveahappylife.Onlywhenallofuscarefortheagedcanwebuildaharmonioussociety二、感知典型范例——篇章层面1卷面不整洁;涂改较多;语言错误多;层次不清;得11分二、感知典型范例——篇章层面2字数不够或未能传达读者任何信息,不得分。书写对比鲜明——篇章层面3三、阅卷老师忠告1.网上阅卷对卷面要求提高。阅卷教师看电脑屏评分,屏幕上视觉比纸上印象更突出,每行高度约为直线格的2/3的作文视觉效果最佳,此类作文错误少并用有效连接成分就能高分。2.中等水平学生容易成为最吃亏学生群。高考阅卷特点,决定了阅卷时间短、速度快、赋分中庸。两极的考生优劣分明,容易赋分,而中等学生,如果出现书写潦草或低级错误容易出现得分趋低情况,成为最吃亏的一个群体。3.书面表达是提高平均分最大的潜力股。平均分:15分峰值:17—19分提升空间巨大四、明确写作步骤1.Cross-question(审题)※Mainidea※Style※Verbtense※Person2.Seizethemajorpoints/keywords(抓要点)figureouttheoutline(提纲)4.Ensurethefluency(添加过渡,确保连贯)Conjunctions/conjunctiveadverbspassage5.Errorcorrecting(查错改错)3.Sentencesconnection(连句成文)Words/phrasesSentencespassage四、明确写作步骤抄改连扩抓审书面表达A)Simplesentence(简单句):Hearingthenews,hewashappy.B)CompoundsentenceA(并列句):HegavemeabookbutIforgottobringitbackhome.C)CompoundsentenceB(复合句):Whatheisdoinghasnothingtodowithme.“规范的英语句子”就是我们经常讲的三种句子:1.学会使用规范的英语句子Hereare3waystomakesentences:I.巧妙运用短语,写出规范的简单句:1)借助名词短语做同位语如:李立,男,19岁,1991年生;籍贯:广东。LiLi,aboyof19,wasborninGuangdongin1991.2)借助介词短语做定语如:李飞,男,10岁,棕色短发,穿白色茄克。LiFeiisaten-year-oldboywithshortbrownhairandinawhitejacket.如:有了Tom的帮助,我们很快就找到了他们的村子。WiththehelpofTom,wesoonfoundtheirvillage.4)借助非谓语动词短语做定语或状语如:他们站在大树下,等待着总统的到来。Theywerestandingunderthebigtree,waitingforthepresident.Standingunderthebigtree,theywerewaitingforthePresident.3)借助介词短语做状语II.巧用连接词,写出规范的并列句:如:他给我很多钱,我不要。IwasjustwalkingdownthestreetcornerwhenIsawyou.如:我刚走到拐角处,就见到你了。HegavemealotofmoneybutIrefused.III.用好从句和引导词写出规范的复合句:1)名词性从句如:老师生气。原因:王力迟到。ThatWangLicamelatetoschoolmadetheteacherveryangry.2)定语从句如:中国,地处亚洲东部;特点:地大物博、人口众多。China,whichliesintheeastofAsia,isagreatcountrywithalargeareaandpopulationaswellasrichnaturalresources.Iwasdeeplymovedbythis,becauseIknowLeiFengisstilllivinginourhearts.3)状语从句如:雷锋还活在我们心中,我深受感动。2、灵活运用九种句式有意识的将下列句式结构运用到作文中去,可以迅速地让我们的作文靓起来。重要的是我们要学会如何灵活的变通、巧妙地运用到考试作文中去。1.PeoplegrowriceinthesouthofChina.RiceisgrowninthesouthofChina.2.Theyhaveprintedoneandahalfmillioncopiesofthedictionarysince1986.Oneandahalfmillioncopiesofthedictionaryhavebeenprintedsince1986.一、主动句与被动句的互换。→→二、将陈述句改为倒装句。1.IcouldhardlyunderstandtheimportanceofEnglishatthattime.HardlycouldIunderstandtheimportanceofEnglishatthattime.2.Wedidnotrealizeourmistakesuntilatthattime.Notuntilatthattimedidwerealizeourmistakes.三、将简单句改为强调句1.Smokingdidgreatharmtohishealth.Itwassmokingthatdidgreatharmtohishealth.2.Ourmoneyisearnedthroughhardworkbyourparents.Itisthroughhardworkthatourmoneyisearnedbyourparents.3.Hewentthereyesterday.Hedidgothereyesterday.四、将两个简单句合并为并列句1.Youcandoit.Icandoit.Oneofusmustdoit.youImustdoit.2.Iwanttobuythisbike.Idon’thaveenoughmoney.Iwanttobuythisbike,Idon'thaveenoughmoney.Eitherorbut五、将两个简单句合并为复合句1.同位语和同位语从句1)LiuXiangisanexcellentathlete.HewonthefirstprizeinMen’s110HurdleRaceinthe2004OlympicGames.________,__________________,wonthefirstprizeinMen’s110HurdleRaceinthe2004OlympicGames.2)Thewordistrue.Thepresidentwillgiveourschoolaspeech.___istrue_____thepresidentwillgiveourschoolaspeech.LiuXianganexcellentathleteItthat2.定语从句1)The20