被动语态.ppt语法

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(一)语态分类英语动词有两种语态,主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如:Theywillbuildanewbridgeovertheriver.(主动)Anewbridgewillbebuiltovertheriver.(被动)汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动,而英语用:助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。被动语态常用的八种时态1.一般现在时:Peoplegrowriceinthesouthofthecountry.Riceisgrowninthesouthofthecountry.Theschooldoesn'tallowustoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher.Wearenotallowedtoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher.2.一般过去时:Theyagreedonthebuildingofanewcarfactorylastmonth.Thebuildingofanewcarfactorywasagreedonlastmonth.Thestudentsdidn'tforgethislessonseasily.Hislessonswerenoteasilyforgotten.3.一般将来时:Theywillsendcarsabroadbysea.Carswillbesentabroadbysea.Theywillgiveplentyofjobstoschool-leavers.Plentyofjobswillbegiventoschool-leavers.4.过去将来时:Themanagersaidtheywouldcompletetheprojectbytheendoftheyear.Themanagersaidtheprojectwouldbecompletedbytheendoftheyear.Theworkerstoldmetheywouldmendthecarassoonaspossible.Theworkerstoldmethatthecarwouldbemendedassoonaspossible.5.现在进行时:TheradioisbroadcastingEnglishlessons.Englishlessonsarebeingbroadcastontheradio.Wearepaintingtherooms.Theroomsarebeingpainted.6.过去进行时:—Whydidn'ttheydrivethereontime?—Becausetheworkersweremendingtheroad.Becausetheroadwasbeingmended.Thistimelastyearwewereplantingtreeshere.Treeswerebeingplantedherethistimelastyear.7.现在完成时:Someonehastoldmethesportsmeetmightbeputoff.Ihavebeentoldthesportsmeetmightbeputoff.Wehavebroughtdowntheprice.Thepricehasbeenbroughtdown.8.过去完成时:WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheyhadalreadysoldoutthetickets.WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheticketshadalreadybeensoldout.Thewholecountrywasverysadatthenewsofhisdeath;Peoplehadconsideredhimtobeagreatleader.Hehadbeenconsideredtobeagreatleader.9.含有情态动词的被动语态:含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。Youmusthandinyourcompositionsafterclass.Yourcompositionsmustbehandedinafterclass.Hecanwriteagreatmanyletterswiththecomputer.Agreatmanyletterscanbewrittenwiththecomputerbyhim.被动语态:我们知道,被动语态是由be+done(动词的过去分词)构成的被动语态构成比较一般现在时主+am/is/are+done一般过去时主+was/were+done含情态动词主+情态动词+bedone一般将来时主+willbe+done现在完成时主+have/hasbeen+done过去完成时主+hadbeen+done现在进行时主+am/is/arebeing+done过去进行时主+was/werebeing+done过去将来时主+wouldbe+done说明(1)done表示动词的过去分词(2)下划线的词为助动词10:动词不定式的被动语态1.betodo----betobedone2.begoingtodo---begoingtobedone3.Beabouttodo---beabouttobedoneEg:HeistoreadanovelAnovelistobereadbyhimTheyaregoingtoholdameetingtomorrow.Ameetingisgoingtobeheldtomorrow.Theyareabouttoshootthemurderer.Themurderdrisabouttobeshotbythem.(1)Thepolicefoundthatthehouse____andalotofthings_________.A.hasbrokeninto;hasbeenstolenB.hadbrokeninto;hadbeenstolenC.hasbeenbrokeninto;stolenD.hadbeenbrokeninto;stolen(2)Ifcitynoises______fromincreasing,people______shouttobeheardevenatthedinnertable20yearsfromnow.A.arenotkept;willhavetoB.arenotkept;havetoC.donotkeep;willhavetoD.donotkeep;havetoDPracticeA(3)---______thesportsmeetmightbeputoff.---Yes,italldependsontheweather.A.I’vebeentoldB.I’vetoldC.I’mtoldD.Itold(4)Themathsproblem______amongthestudentssoon.A.isabouttobediscussB.isgoingtobediscussedC.istodiscussD.isgoingtohavebeendiscussedAB(一)语态转换时要注意的问题1.把主动语态变为被动语态时,其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致,其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。Wehaveboughtanewcomputer.Anewcomputerhasbeenbought.(正确)Anewcomputerhavebeenbought.(错误)2.含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时,可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个不动,一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.Iwasgivenapresentonmybirthday.如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语,则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词,如上句还可以说:Apresentwasgiventomeyesterday.保留宾语注意:一般在下列动词后,常在间接宾语前用介词to,如:bring,give,lend,offer,pass,promise,sell,show,teach,tell等。Thecupwithmixturewasshowedtotheclass.Mybikewaslenttoher.一般在下列动词后,间接宾语前用介词for,如:buy,cook,choose,fetch,get,,make,order,等。Mothermademeanewskirt.(Anewskirtwasmadeforme.)Themeatwascookedforus.3.由动词+介词或副词构成的短语动词,要把它们作为整体看,即把它们看成一个及物动词,介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉这类动词有laughat,operateon,lookafter,makefunof,makeuseoftakecareof,,carryout,,giveup,handin,pointout,putaway,putoff,turndown,workout,talkabout等。Thepatientisbeingoperatedon.Theproblemissolved.Itneedn'tbetalkedabout.Hisrequestwasturneddown.Thesportsmeetwillbeputoffbecauseofthebadweather.Achildistakengoodcareof4.带复合宾语(宾语+宾补)的动词改为被动语态时,一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语,而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。如:a,动词+宾语+adjWealwayskeeptheclassroomclean.→Theclassroomisalwayskeptclean.b,动词+宾语+nTheychoseTomcaptain.→Tomwaschosencaptainc.动词+宾语+todoShetoldustofollowherinstructions.→Weweretoldtofollowherinstructions.d,动词+宾语+doingIfoundhimlyingonthefloor→hewasfoundlyingonthefloore,动词+宾语+donewefoundallourseatsoccupied.→allourseatswerefoundoccupied.注意:在see,watch,hear,notice,listento,lookat,make,feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to,但改成被动语态后都带to,Weoftenhearhimplaytheguitar.→Heisoftenheardtoplaytheguitar.Hismothermakeshimcleantheroomeveryday.→Heismadetocleantheroomeveryday.(二)某些动词用主动表被动?1.Thepicturelooksbeautiful.这里的look是表状态特征的连系动词,它后面要求跟形容词或名词构成系表结构,其主动形式表被动含义。感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义,如:feel,look,seem,taste,sound,remain,turnout,smell等。—Doyoulikethematerial?—Yes,itfeelsverysoft.TheflowerslookbeautifulWhathesaidsoundsreasonable.Therosessmellsweet.Themedicinetastesbitter.误:Itisfeltverysoft.Thefoodtastesdelicious.误:Thefoodistasteddelicious.Thepopmusicsoundsbeautiful.误:Thepopmusicis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