河南专升本论坛语法系列复习专题六-----情态动词、主谓一致情态动词一、一般疑问句中几个情态动词的问与答1.NeedI/he/…?Yes,you/he/…must.(不用need)2.MustI/he/…?No,you/he/…needn’t/don’t(doesn’t,won’t)haveto.(不用mustn’t)3.MayI/he/…?No,you/he/…mustn’t.(少用maynot)4.Could(Can)you…?Yes,Ican(不用could)5.ShallI/she/he…?No,you(she,he)needn’t/can’t/mustn’t二、情态动词表“推测”1.can,may,must使用的句式:1)肯定陈述句中:must表“肯定、必定、一定”意,may/might表“也许,或许”意。2)否定陈述句中:can’t/couldn’t表“不可能”意,maynot/mightnot表“也许不、可能不”意。3)疑问句中:只能用can或could,不能用must,may或might。注意:表推测的could,might并不是指过去时间,而是表示比can,may把握性略小些的情况。2.对目前状态的推测:1)must/may/might/can/could+be+表语例如:Shemustbeateacher.她肯定是老师。Shecan’t/couldn’tbeadoctor.她肯定不是医生。Hemaynot/mightnotbeadoctor.他可能不是医生。2)must/may/might/can/could+一些不能用于进行时的静态动词(如:have,exist,live,like,hate,own,belongto等)例如:Shemusthaveherowncar,forshehasalotofmoney.Thatkindofbirdmayliveinthevalleys.3.对目前正在发生的事情进行推测:句式:must/may/might/can/could+bedoing例如:Theymustbewaitingforus.他们肯定正在等我们。Shemay/mightbedoingherhomework.她可能正在做作业。Can/Couldhebeplayingfootball?他会正在踢足球吗?河南专升本论坛对已发生的事情进行推测:句式:must/may/might/can/could+havedone例如:There’snoligntintheroom.Theymusthavegonetobed./Sheknowsnothingaboutthefilm.Shecan’t/couldn’thaveseenit./Can/Couldhehavebeenadoctor?/Hemay/might(not)havebeenateacher./TheymusthavebeenwatchingTVatninelastnight./Can/CouldshehavestayedinBeijinglastyear?注意:willhavedone句式也可表“肯定/可能已经…”推测意。例如:Hewillhavelearnedadvancedmathematics,forheknowsalotaboutit.他肯定/可能学过高等数学,因为他对此懂得很多。三、“情态动词+havedone”用法1.should/oughtto+havedone,意“本应该…”,含有责备或后悔意。例如:Youshouldhavecomeherealittleearlier./Ioughttohavesenthimtoschool./2.shouldn’t/oughtn’tto+havedone,意“本不应该”,含有责备或后悔意。例如:Youshouldn’thavewateredtheflower./Ioughtn’ttohavescoldedherforsuchasmallthing.3.mighthavedone,意“过去可能做”;couldhavedone意“本能够做”,两者都含有委婉批评或遗憾之意,也可表对过去情况的推测。例如:HemighthavegonetoNanjingwithProfessorWang.lastweek,buthewasill.上星期他本可以和王教授一起去南京的,可他病了。Wecouldhavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.我们本来是能够提前完成工作的。四、情态动词在反意疑问句中的用法1.“肯定祈使句+附加问句”结构,附加问句常用will/would/won’tyou形式。例如:Standstill,will/would/won’tyou?2.“否定祈使句+附加问句”结构,附加问句常用will/wouldyou形式。例如:Don’twatchTV,will/wouldyou?3.Let’s…,shallwe?;Letus…,will/won’tyou?4.含有must句子的反意问句1)must表示“必须”时,附加部分常用needn’t,也可用mustn’t.例如:Hemustgowithyou,needn’t/mustn’the?2)mustn’t表“一定不能”时,附加部分用may.例如:Shemustn’tleave,mayshe?3)must表“一定、想必”推测意时,附加部分主要有下列几种形式:A.Hemustbeanengineer,isn’the?Theymustbewritingnow,aren’tthey?(这类句子问句前河南专升本论坛部分含“mustbe…”或“mustbedoing…”。)B.Shemusthaveacar/livethere,doesn’tshe?C.Hemusthaveseenthefilm,hasn’the?(这类句子问句前部分的谓语为musthavedone,句子无具体过去时间状语。)D.Hemusthaveseenthefilmlastweek,didn’the?(这类句子问句前面部分的谓语为musthavedone,句子有具体过去时间状语。)E.Mothermusthavebeenshoppingthen,wasn’tshe?(前面部分谓语为musthavebeendoing。)5.含有may表推测的句子,其反意问句形式与must表推测的反意问句形式相似。例如:Shemayhavefinishedherhomework,hasn’tshe?五、几组词语辨析1.must与haveto:must强调说话者的主观看法,haveto强调客观需要,表示“不必”意要用needn’t或don’t/didn’t/won’thaveto,不能用mustn’t。2.can/could与beableto:can多用于现在时,也可用于将来时,could只用于过去时,beableto可用于各种时态。表示“过去经过努力而做成(或没做成)”要用was/were(not)ableto,而不用could(not)。例如:Heworkedhard,buthewasn’tabletopasstheexam.3.will,would,usedto:都可表“习惯”意。①will表示不受时间限制的习惯性动作。如:Fishwilldieoutofwater./She’llsitforhourswithoutsayinganything.②would表示过去习惯性的动作,但不涉及与现在情况的对比。如:Hewouldwalkbytheriverinthemorning.注意:would后不能跟表状态动词。例如不能说Hewouldbelateforschoollastyear.③usedto表示过去习惯性的动作或状态,但这种习惯现在已不存在了。如:Heusedtogetupearly.Heusedtobelateforschool.情态动词考点分析1.-CouldIborrowyourdictionary?-Yes,ofcourseyou________.A.mightB.willC.canD.should析:B、D意明显不合;A语气不妥,与ofcourse不符。此题Could是表Can意的委婉说法,并非过去时,所以答案应为C。2.-ShallItellJohnaboutit?-No,you_________.I’vetoldhimalready.A.needn’tB.wouldn’tC.mustn’tD.shoudn’t析:B意明显不合用,可排除。mustn’t意“不许、不得”,shouldn’t意“不应该”都不合情景。只有needn’t表“不必”与下文“I’vetoldhimalready”相贴切。河南专升本论坛-Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecar,buttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.-It_________acomfortablejourney.A.can’tbeB.shouldn’tbeC.mustn’thavebeenD.couldn’thavebeen析:A、B是对现在情况而言,与情景不合。表否定推测不能说mustn’thavebeen,只有D选项“不可能是”意思切合,时态也对,故为正确答案。4.Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquickly,buteveryone________getout.A.couldB.wouldC.wasabletoD.hadto析:根据题干提供的情景B、D皆应排除。在A、C两选项中,因为根据情景要选一个“经过努力能够”这样意思的词,故定答案为C。5.ItoldSallyhowtogethere,butperhapsI________forher.A.hadtowriteitoutB.musthavewrittenitoutC.shouldhavewrittenitoutD.oughttowriteitout析:A项意“(当时)不得不写出来”,不合题意;D项意“(现在)应写出来”也不合题意;B项意“(当时)肯定已写出来”明显不对。只有表“当初应该写出来”意的C项才合上下文。6.Thatyoungmanhasmadesomuchnoisethathe_________nothavebeenallowedtoattendtheconcert.A.couldB.mustC.wouldD.should析:若选A。意“不可能已被允许…”与情景不合,应排除;B项不可选;C项意“当时将不会被允许…”也与情况相悖。只有D“shouldnothavebeenallowed…”表示“当初不该让他…”才合题意。7.-CanIhelpyou,sir?-Yes,Iboughtthisradiohereyesterday,butit______.A.didn’tworkB.couldn’tworkC.can’tworkD.doesn’twork析:若选A。意“昨天不响(今天响了)”,不合题目情景;若选B。其意是“当时不能工作(现在能工作了)”,显然不合题;若选C。意为“这台收音机根本不能工作(是废品)”这未免显得武断;只有D表“这台机子不响(有毛病)”意才能合理地表达来找商店服务员的原因。主谓一致(Agreement)1.“EitherAorB+谓语”结构,谓语取决于B。例:Eitherthestudentsortheirteacherdislikesbasketball,otherwisetheywouldtakepartinthebasketballmatch.但在一般疑问句中,谓语取决于A。例如:Doeitherthestudentsortheirteacherdislikebasketball?Iseitherheoryougoingthere?河南专升本