现在分词

Verb-ingformasanadj.oradv.(现在分词)Whattolearn?现在分词的基本形式和否定形式现在分词的时态和语态现在分词的基本用法（可充当：定，表,宾补，状，独立成分）Themansittingthereisourphysicsteacher.Studentscamein,followingtheirteacher.Notdaringspeakaword,theysattheresilent.Notrealizingthathewasindanger,hewalkedstraighttotheforest.现在分词的基本形式是doing，其否定形式是notdoing.Step1基本形式和否定形式现在分词的时态语态主动被动一般式完成式Step2现在分词的时态和语态doinghavingdonebeingdonehavingbeendone意义见例句见例句（动词be和逻辑主语he之间是主动关系；动词be和谓语动词stay几乎同时发生）(动词live和逻辑主语he之间是主动关系；动词live发生在谓语动词tell之前)身体不好，他呆在家里休息。__________(be)inpoorhealth,hestaysathometorest.在这里住了很多年，他告诉我们很多相关的趣事。_______________(live)thereformanyyears,hetoldusmanyfunnythingsaboutthecity.Examples：BeingHavinglived被陌生人盯着，她感到非常尴尬。_______________(stare)atbyastranger,Shefeltratherembarrassed.重建之后，那个大楼看起来很漂亮。__________________(rebuild),thebuildinglooksverybeautiful.Examples：Beingstared(动词stare和逻辑主语she之间是被动关系；动词stare和谓语动词feel几乎同时发生)（动词rebuild和逻辑主语building之间是被动关系；动词rebuild发生在谓语动词lookbeautiful之前)HavingbeenrebuiltThiswillhavealastingeffectontheenvironment.Tom,arrivinglate,wasn’tallowedtoentertheroom.Theproblembeingdiscussednowishardtosolve.1作定语=Thiswillhaveaneffectwhichislasting.=Tom,whoarrivedlate,wasn’tallowedtoentertheroom.=Theproblemwhichisbeingdiscussednowishardtosolve.(现在分词作定语，如果是单词，放名词前；如果是短语，则放名词后,有时也可放句中.通常表主动)1作定语注意现在分词表进行过去分词表完成fallingleavesfallenleavesboilingwaterboiledwaterdevelopingcountrydevelopedcountry现在分词表“令人…”过去分词表“感到…”excitingnewsexcitedpeoplepuzzlingstorypuzzledlookfrighteningphotosfrightenedlook现在分词与过去分词作定语时的其它区别：Thestudentshavingseenthefilmarecomingout.1作定语注意Thestudentswhohaveseenthefilmarecomingout.现在分词的完成式（即havingdone;havingbeendone）一般不作定语Practice1).Ataxiwhichiswaitingisaroundthecorner.Goandtakeit.Awaitingtaxiisaroundthecorner.Goandtakeit.2).ItissaidthatnothingthatlivescanbefoundonMars.ItissaidthatnolivingthingscanbefoundonMars.3).Theboywhowassmilingrantohismother.Thesmilingboyrantohismother.4).Thewomanwhoiscomingtodinnerthiseveningworksinthebank.Thewomancomingtodinnerthiseveningworksinthebank.5).Theyoungmanwhoislookingatthemapislost.Theyoungmanlookingatthemapislost.6).Themanwhoisperforminginthestreetcanplayfivemusicalinstruments.Themanperforminginthestreetcanplayfivemusicalinstruments.Eg.Thefilmismoving/touching.Theresultsofthetestseemedsurprising.2作表语（用来说明主语的性质和特征）3作宾语补足语Eg.Theteachercaughttheboycheatingintheexam.Myjokessetthewholetablelaughing.一感(feel),二听(hear,listento),五让(have,leave,get,keep,set),五看(lookat,notice,observe,see,watch),catch,find等(1)常接现在分词作宾补的动词有：（现在分词和逻辑主语之间是主动关系，且现在分词的动作和谓语动词的动作几乎同时发生。）Eg.IoftenhearhimsingtheEnglishsong.IheardhimsingingtheEnglishsong.IheardtheEnglishsongsungbyhim.TheEnglishsongwasheardsungbyhim.3作宾语补足语在一感(feel),二听(hear,listento),三让(have,get,leave),五看(lookat,notice,observe,see,watch)等词后，可接不定式、现在分词，过去分词作宾语补足语。区别是：Heisoftenheardtosingthesong.注意Hewasheardsingingthesong.表主动,强调过程表主动，强调正在进行表被动3作宾语补足语Eg.Withsweatrunningdownherface,shekeptwalking.Withfivechildrenattendingmiddleschoolinthenearbytownnow,theparentsareworkingveryhard.(2)用于with引导的复合结构中：表主动，正在进行表主动，将来Astimeisrunningout,……Withtimerunningout,shebecamemorenervous.注意3作宾语补足语Withmanyfriendshelpingme,I’msuretofinishit.Withmanyfriendstohelpme,I’msuretofinishit.注意请区别：表主动，进行表主动，将来5作状语Theysatthere,talkingandlaughing.Hearingthenews,hegotsad.Beingleaguemembers,wearereadytohelpothers.Thoughrainingheavilyoutside,itclearedupverysoon.(1).作方式状语，表伴随(2).作时间状语(3).作原因状语(4).作让步状语5作状语Wearemakingbiggerholesinthenets,hopingtoavoidcatchingfishthatarenotfullygrown.Workinghard,you’llsurelysucceed.Thecupdroppedtotheground,breakingintopieces.(5).作目的状语(6).作条件状语(7).作结果状语现在分词做结果状语，表示自然的结果。动词不定式做结果状语，则表示出乎意料的结果。注意Workhard,andyou’llsurelysucceed.Ifyouworkhard,you’llsurelysucceed.Unlesswearinghisschooluniform,hedoesn’tlooklikeastudent.Shestoodatthegateasifwaitingforsomeone.现在分词做状语的时候，可以用连词连接，如：when,whenever,while,once,until,if,asif等Unlessheiswearinghisschooluniform,……注意5作状语Shestoodatthegateasifshewaswaitingfor….Whenworkinginthefactory,hewasanadvancedworker.WhilestayinginBeijing,hecametoseemetwice.Ifplayingallday,youwillwasteyourvaluabletime.Practice=Whenheworkedinthefactory,hewas…=WhilehestayedinBeijing,hecametoseemetwice.=Ifyouplayallday,youwillwasteyourvaluabletime.Turningleft,you’llfindtheplaceonyourrightside.Turningleft,theplaceisonyourrightside.Followingtheteacher’sadvice,theproblemwassettled.Followingtheteacher’sadvice,Ifoundawaytosettletheproblem.现在分词做状语的时候，其逻辑主语要和主句主语一致.注意5作状语Iftimepermits,youcanpayavisittosomeplacesofinterestinHangzhou.Sinceallticketshadbeensoldout,theywentawaydisappointedly.当主句的主语不是现在分词的逻辑主语，现在分词可以加上自己的逻辑主语,语法上称之为“独立主格”。注意使用独立主格的时候，分词前面不加连词。注意5作状语=Timepermitting,…=Allticketshavingbeensoldout,…Beingfine,wewillhavethesportsmeetingnextweek.Sinceitbeingfine,wewillhavethesportsmeetingnextweek.Itbeingfine,wewillhavethesportsmeetingnextweek.常见的短语有：generallyspeaking（一般说来），franklyspeaking（坦白地说）strictlyspeaking（严格地说）,honestlyspeaking（老实说),Judgingfrom/by…（根据…来判断）supposing/providing/assuming(如果),admitting(虽说),considering/seeing(考虑到),saving(除了,除非)…7作独立成分Eg.Judgingfromhisappearance,hem