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常用经济类词汇：economist经济学家socialisteconomy社会主义经济capitalisteconomy资本主义经济collectiveeconomy集体经济plannedeconomy计划经济controlledeconomy管制经济ruraleconomics农村经济liberaleconomy自由经济mixedeconomy混合经济politicaleconomy政治经济学protectionism保护主义autarchy闭关自守primarysector初级成分privatesector私营成分,私营部门publicsector公共部门,公共成分economicchannels经济渠道economicbalance经济平衡economicfluctuation经济波动economicdepression经济衰退economicstability经济稳定economicpolicy经济政策economicrecovery经济复原understanding约定concentration集中holdingcompany控股公司trust托拉斯cartel卡特尔rateofgrowth增长economictrend经济趋势economicsituation经济形势infrastructure基本建设standardofliving生活标准,生活水平purchasingpower,buyingpower购买力scarcity短缺stagnation停滞,萧条,不景气underdevelopment不发达underdeveloped不发达的developing发展中的initialcapital创办资本frozencapital冻结资金frozenassets冻结资产fixedassets固定资产realestate不动产,房地产circulatingcapital,workingcapital流动资本availablecapital可用资产capitalgoods资本货物reserve预备金,储备金callingupofcapital催缴资本allocationoffunds资金分配contributionoffunds资金捐献workingcapitalfund周转基金revolvingfund循环基金,周转性基金contingencyfund意外开支,预备金reservefund预备金bufferfund缓冲基金,平准基金sinkingfund偿债基金investment投资,资产investor投资人self-financing自筹经费,经费自给bank银行currentaccount经常帐户(美作:checkingaccount)current-accountholder支票帐户(美作:checking-accountholder)cheque支票(美作:check)bearercheque,chequepayabletobearer无记名支票,来人支票crossedcheque划线支票traveller'scheque旅行支票chequebook支票簿,支票本(美作:checkbook)endorsement背书transfer转让,转帐,过户money货币issue发行readymoney现钱cash现金readymoneybusiness,nocreditgiven现金交易,概不赊欠change零钱banknote,note钞票,纸币(美作:bill)topay(in)cash付现金domesticcurrency,localcurrency]本国货币convertibility可兑换性convertiblecurrencies可自由兑换货币exchangerate汇率,兑换率foreignexchange外汇floatingexchangerate浮动汇率freeexchangerates自由汇兑市场foreignexchangecertificate外汇兑换券hardcurrency硬通货speculation投机saving储装,存款depreciation减价,贬值devaluation(货币)贬值revaluation重估价runawayinflation无法控制的通货膨胀deflation通货紧缩capitalflight资本外逃securitiesbusiness证券市场stockexchange股票市场stockexchangecorporation证券交易所stockexchange证券交易所,股票交易所quotation报价,牌价share股份,股票shareholder,stockholder股票持有人,股东dividend股息,红利cashdividend现金配股stockinvestment股票投资investmenttrust投资信托stock-jobber股票经纪人stockcompany,stockbrokeragefirm证券公司securities有价证券share,commonstock普通股preferencestock优先股incomegain股利收入issue发行股票parvalue股面价格,票面价格bull买手,多头bear卖手,空头assigned过户openingprice开盘closingprice收盘hardtimes低潮businessrecession景气衰退doldrums景气停滞dull盘整ease松弛raisinglimit涨停板break暴跌bond,debenture债券WallStreet华尔街shorttermloan短期贷款longtermloan长期贷款mediumtermloan中期贷款lender债权人creditor债权人debtor债务人,借方borrower借方,借款人borrowing借款interest利息rateofinterest利率discount贴现,折扣rediscount再贴现annuity年金maturity到期日,偿还日amortization摊销,摊还,分期偿付redemption偿还insurance保险mortgage抵押allotment拨款shorttermcredit短期信贷consolidateddebt合并债务fundeddebt固定债务,长期债务floatingdebt流动债务drawing提款,提存aid援助allowance,grant,subsidy补贴,补助金,津贴cost成本,费用expenditure,outgoings开支,支出fixedcosts固定成本overheadcosts营业间接成本overheads杂项开支,间接成本operatingcosts生产费用,营业成本operatingexpenses营业费用runningexpenses日常费用,经营费用miscellaneouscosts杂项费用overheadexpenses间接费用,治理费用upkeepcosts,maintenancecosts维修费用,养护费用transportcosts运输费用socialcharges社会负担费用contingentexpenses,contingencies或有费用apportionmentofexpenses分摊费用income收入,收益earnings利润,收益grossincome,grossearnings总收入,总收益grossprofit,grossbenefit毛利,总利润,利益毛额netincome纯收益,净收入,收益净额averageincome平均收入nationalincome国民收入profitability,profitearningcapacity利润率,赢利率yield产量收益,收益率increaseinvalue,appreciation增值,升值duty税taxationsystem税制taxation征税,纳税fiscalcharges财务税收progressivetaxation累进税制graduatedtax累进税valueaddedtax增值税incometax所得税landtax地租,地价税excisetax特许权税basisofassessment估税标准taxableincome须纳税的收入fiscality检查tax-free免税的taxexemption免税taxpayer纳税人taxcollector收税员国民生产总值GNP(GrossNationalProduct)人均国民生产总值percapitaGNP产值outputvalue鼓励giveincentiveto投入input宏观控制exercisemacro-control优化经济结构optimizetheeconomicstructure输入活力bringvigorinto改善经济环境improveeconomicenvironment整顿经济秩序rectifyeconomicorder有效地控制通货膨胀effectivelycontrolinflation非公有成分non-publicsectors主要成分dominantsector实在的tangible全体会议plenarysession解放生产力liberate/unshackle/releasetheproductiveforces引入歧途leadonetoablindalley举措move实事求是seektruthfromfacts引进、输入importation和平演变peacefulevolution试一下haveago(atsth.)精华、精粹、实质quintessence家庭联产责任承包制family-contractresponsibilitysystem搞活企业invigorateenterprises商品经济commodityeconomy基石cornerstone零售retail发电量electricenergyproduction有色金属nonferrousmetals人均收入percapitaincome使负担besaddledwith营业发达的公司goingconcerns被兼并或挤掉annexedorforcedoutofbusiness善于接受的receptive增额、增值、增长increment发展过快excessivegrowth抽样调查datafromthesamplesurvey扣除物价上涨部分priceincreasearededucted(excluded)实际增长率actualgrowthrate国际收支internationalbalanceofpayments流通制度circulationsystem总工资totalwages分配形式formsofdistribution风险资金riskfunds治理不善poormanagement农业farming林业forestry畜牧业animalhusbandry副业sidelineproduction渔业fishing第一产业primaryindustry第二产业secondaryindustry第三产业tertiaryindustry生产资料meansofproduction生活资料meansoflivelihood/subsistence生产关系relationsofproduction生产力productiveforces公有制publicownership私有制privateownership全民所有制ownershipbytheentire/wholepeople社会主义集体所有制socialistcollectiveownership厉行节约，反对浪费topracticestricteconomyandcombatwaste外资企业foreign-fundedenterprise合资企业jointventure合作企业cooperativeenterprise独资企业who