初中英语主从复合句考点总结-(1)

1简单句、并列句和复合句考点一简单句1.简单句只包含一个主谓结构.2.五种简单句:1)主+谓.Hecomesatlast.2)主+系+表.Sheisateacher.Thesouptastesnice.3)主+谓+宾.Theyreachedthevillage.4)主+谓+间宾+直宾.Hegavemeapen.5)主+谓+宾+宾补.Ifindthatbookveryuseful.考点二并列句并列句：两个或两个以上的简单句，用连词连接起来。常用的连接词有：1.表示顺承关系的：and,notonly…butalso（不仅….而且….）等。She______gaveusalotofadvice,_______helpedustoovercomedifficulties.Lindatriedtobecomeanexcellentteacher,_____atlastshesucceeded.2.表示选择关系和否定条件的有or（还是，否则）Doyouwanttoleavenow____wouldyourathersetofflater?Wearyourcoat,____you’llcatchacold.3.表示转折关系的有but,yet等。Heisyoung,butheworkshard.虽然他年轻，但工作努力。4.表示因果关系的有for,so等。MyleghurtssoIgotoseeadoctor.我的腿疼，因此我去看医生。考点三主从复合句：宾语从句1.宾语从句的引导词（1）引导陈述句用that(在口语和非正式文体中常常省略)Hetellsme(that)heisgoingshoppingthisSunday.(2)引导一般疑问句用if或whether.Sheaskedmeif\whethershecouldjoinus.(whether…ornot)(3)引导特殊疑问句，要用原来的特殊疑问词。Sheaskedthemwhattheyweredoing.2.宾语从句的语序：要用陈述句语序。Iwanttoknowwhenthetrainleft.3.宾语从句的时态（1）主句是一般现在时，一般将来时或祈使句，宾语从句可根据实际需要选用各种时态。Hetellsusthathehasbeenabletolookafterhimself.(2)主句是过去时态，宾语从句应使用过去时的相应时态。Theysaidthattheyhadalreadyfinishedthework.(3)如果宾语从句叙述的是客观事实、真理、自然现象等，不管主句用什么时态，从句都用一般现在时。Hesaidthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.考点四状语从句2一、状语从句在复合句中作状语，修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词等。1.地点状语从句地点状语从句通常由where引导。Putallthethings_____theywere.A.whereB.whenC.whoseD.which2.时间状语从句(主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时)时间状语从句的引导词有when,before,after,until,assoonas,since,while,as等Shewascookingwhensomeoneknockatthedoor.Whatwillyoudoafteryoufinishedyourhomework?3.条件状语从句在条件状语从句中，常用的引导词有if,unless等。Ifitdosen’train,I”llgofishing.TheywillhaveapicnicunlessitrainsnextSunday.4.原因状语从句原因状语从句常用的引导词有because,as,since（既然）等Hedidn’tcomebecausehewasill.Sincewearestudents,weshouldstudyhard.*Because和so不能在一个句子中同时使用。5.结果状语从句结果状语从句主要由so…that…,such…that…引导。It’ssohotthatwewanttogoswimming.That’ssuchaninterestingstorythateverybodylikesit.*So…that…与简单句之间的句型转换1）that后的句子是否定句，常用too…to进行转换。Heissoyoungthathecan’tgotoschool.heistooyoungtogotoschool.2)that后的句子是肯定句。常用enoughto进行转换。Theshirtwassocheapthatheboughtit.theshirtwascheapenoughforhimtobuy.6.目的状语从句目的状语从句常用的引导词有sothat,inorderthat等inorderto简单句Pleasesayitinaloudvoicesothateveryonecanhearit.Heworksharderinorderthathecangotoagoodcollege.7.让步状语从句引导词有though,although,evenif,eventhough(尽管)等。Heoftenhelpsothersthough\althoughheisnotrich.Theywillstandbyyouevenifyoudon’tsucceed.*Though,although与but不能同时出现在一个句子中8.比较状语从句比较状语从句由than,as…as…,notas\so…as等引导。(比较级)HeismoreoutgoingthanI.HeranasfastasMike.考点五定语从句修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词（关系代词和关系副词）。31.关系代词的基本用法作主语作宾语作定语指人who\thatwho\whom\that\省略whose指物which\thatwhich\that\省略whoseTheman__________spokeatthemeetingisfromHongKong.(指人作主语)Thebuilding___________isbeingbuiltwillbeusedasahospital.(指物作主语)Ivisitedascientist_______nameisknownallovertheworld.（指人作定语）2.关系代词特殊用法(1）当关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。Heisoneoftheboyswho______(like)playingfootball.Heistheonlyoneoftheboyswho________(like)playingfootball.(2)通常以下四种情况关系代词只能用that而不能用which.1)先行词为all,much,something,everything,nothing,little,none,theone等不定代词时2）先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。3）当先行词被theonly,thevery,thejust等修饰时。4）先行词中既有人又有物时。3.关系副词的基本用法。1）when在句中作状语，表示时间。2)where在句中作状语，表示地点。.3)why在句中作状语，表示原因。Herememberstheday_______hejoinedtheLeague.Thisisthereason_______heislatetoday.Thisistheplace_______LuXunwasborn.练习一、用括号内所给的动词的适当形式填空。1.Mrs.Wangsaidthatshe______(buy)anewcarthenextday.2.OurEnglishteachertoldusthatChristmas________(be)onDecember25.3.I’lltellyouassoonasKate______(come)here.4.Couldyoutellmewhenyourfather______(go)toNewYork?Whenhe______(go)there,we’llseehimoff.5.HomewithKidsisoneoftheTVsitcomsthat_______(make)uslaughagainandagain.二、单项选择1.Couldyoupleasekeepthewindows______?It’ssohotintheroom.a.openb.opensc.openedd.opening2.Workhard,_____you’llfallbehindyourclassmates.a.andb.butc.ord.so3.Benaskedme______Ihadreadthenewsintoday’snewspaper.a.thatb.ifc.whatd.when4.----Canyoutellme_____?----Ofcourse.HecomesfromJapan.a.wheredoeshecomefromb.whereishefromc.wherehecomesfromd.wherehewantstogo45.Cathylikescomedies,_____they’reveryfunny.a.ifb.soc.becaused.until6.HisbrotherhasbeentoStoneForesttwice_____hecametoYunnan.a.afterb.beforec.sinced.for7.Theypiledthesnowinoneplace______thechildrencouldmakeasnowman.a.sothatb.whenc.becaused.until8.----Iwon’tgotothepartytomorrow.----_____youtoldmeyouwould.What’shappening?a.Butb.Soc.Andd.Or9.Mr.BrownknowslittleJapanese,______hecan’tunderstandtheinstructionsonthebottleofthepills.a.sob.orc.butd.for10.Youwillbelate____youhurryup.a.afterb.whenc.unlessd.if11.Somepeopleliketoplaymahjong,____othersdon’t.a.whenb.whilec.asd.since12.____heisyoung,____heknowsseverallanguages.a.Though,butb.Because,soc.Though,\d.Because,\13.Thisisthemostinterestingbook____I’vereadbefore.a.thatb.whichc.whod.a&b14.Thisistheroomin____ChairmanMaolived.a.thatb.whichc.whod.whom15.August1.1927wastheday____thePLAwasfounded.a.thatb.whichc.whered.when16.Iliketheplace____Icanhaveagoodtime.a.thatb.whichc.whered.when三、写出下列句子的同义词，每空一词。1.TheforeignerswanttoknowhowtheycanlearnChinesekungfuwell.Theforeignerswanttoknow____________learnChinesekungfuwell.2.Whendoesthetrainleave?Iwanttoknow.Iwanttok