心脏辅助装置是将心脏内的一部分血液引流到辅助装置中,并通过VAD提供的机械动力重新注入动脉,从而取代一部分心室的泵血功能。心室辅助装置(Ventricularassistdevices,VADs)心室辅助的目的降低心脏负荷增加心肌氧供维持组织及器官的灌注急性心梗后心源性休克的传统治疗强心药(Inotrope)IABPOthersforacutecoronarysyndromes:ThrombolyticsEmergencyPTCA/PCIEmergencyCABG住院死亡率高达60%心脏术后心源性休克•单中心(HahnemannU.Hosp.,Philadelphia,PA)3000例成年人心脏病手术经验•住院死亡率与术后强心药(Inotrope)用量关系:•Noinotrope2%•Low-doseinotrope4%•Moderate-doseinotrope8%•1-High-doseinotrope20%•2-High-doseinotrope42%•3-High-doseinotrope80%InotropeScoreSamuelsetal,AnnThoracSurg2001;71:S67-720%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%NoneLowModerate1High2High3HighHospitalMortalityInotropeLevelIABPScore•Parameters:Points:•肾上腺素用量0.5mcg/kg/min2•左房压15mmHg1•尿量100ml/hr1•SV0260%1Range:0-5pointsHausmannetal,Circulation2002;106:I203-6IABPScore86%57.5%52.2%30%8.3%0%Hausmannetal,Circulation2002;106:I203-6012345PointssurvivalPointsBottomLinewithAcute-CS•任何原因导致的致命性的心源性休克•大剂量强心药无效•单用IABP无法维持循环稳定•MechanicalSupportisAppropriateVAD分类非搏动性体外装置:体外膜肺(ECMO)等搏动性体外装置:AbiomedBVS5000等,用于左心辅助、右心辅助或双心辅助搏动性植入装置:Heartmate等非搏动性植入装置:ImpellaLD等临床应用短期过渡支持:AbiomedBVS5000,AB5000,ImpellaLD等;移植前过渡:HeartMateLVAS(IP)气动搏动型泵,不需正规抗凝;NovacorLVAS,电动,正规抗凝长期支持治疗:HeartMateVE等ABIOMED循环支持系统气动式搏动性VAD单或双心室辅助根据前、后负荷自动调节异步每搏输出量70~80ml,最大流量为6L/min;要求患者体表面积(BAS)大于1.3m2一般辅助时间7~10dBVS5000:第一个FDA批准用于治疗心脏外科术后心衰的VADCirculatorySupportSystemABIOMEDSystemcomponents:AtrialandarterialcannulaeSingleorDualchamberedbloodpumpPneumaticdriveconsoleAbiomed心室辅助产品BVS5000AB5000AB5000BVS控制台血泵AbiomedBVS5000PumpingChamberConsoleBVSImplantsBVSImplants0500100015002000250030001987198819891990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005#ofCumulativePatientsCumulativeBVS&AB5000–Apical“Sleeve”EasytoputinBVS&AB5000–PreservationofLVApexEasytotakeoutAB5000RegistryOutcomes86%Post-CardiotomyCardiogenicShockMyocarditisAMI(HeartAttack)CardiogenicShock75%67%Survival43%57%42%%RecoveryoftheSurvivors*RepresentsallpatientsfromallUSAB5000centerssupportedfromOct2003throughJune2005RealWorld:AllUS*Data,notselectedcentersorbestpracticesImpellaLP2.5catheter.ImpellaLD当前最小的轴流泵,移动和携带方便驱动装置30cm×30cm,重约3kg轴叶轮直径6.4mm,流量可达5~6L/min左心辅助:通过主动脉瓣插入左心室完成泵血功能,最长辅助7d右心辅助:插入右心房并通过一段PTFE人工管道(8mm)与肺动脉连接ImpellaLP2.5可通过经皮股动脉穿剌完成临床应用进展高危患者OPCABG术中循环支持高危患者冠脉介入术中保护(LP2.5)AcuteCardiogenicShockAlgorithmAcuteCardiogenicShock•LowOutput•2HighDoseInotropesInotropesIABPPrecardiotomyPostcardiotomyWithin30minof1stattempttoweanfromCPBWithin1hourof1stattempttoweanfromCPBIABPoptionalifconditionwarrantsdirectVADinsertion•checkCVPandPAP•checkEchoLVADRVADBi-VADIfRVfailsafterLVADinsertionIfLVfailsafterRVADinsertionSamuelsetal.Ann.OfThorac.Surg2001;71:S82-85Within6-24hrsofMIWithin1-6hrsofMIIMPELLABVS/AB5000并发症VAD治疗总发生率高达67%,主要包括出血、右心衰竭、肾功能衰竭、感染、神经系统机械故障展望微型微创、完全植入更少的血液接触面积更好的生物相容性高效能低损耗正确把握时机、合理运用设备