2019年高三英语一轮总复习-专题1.5-Nelson-Mandela-a-modern-hero(

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2019年高三英语一轮总复习专题1.5NelsonMandela-amodernhero(词汇短语)(含解析)【学以致用】一、重点词汇细解1.qualityn.质量;品质;性质,特征【教材原句】Andwhatqualitiesdoesagreatpersonhave?一个伟人应该具有哪些品质?【归纳拓展】beofgood/highquality质量好的beofpoorquality质量差的inquality在质量方面Hehasallthequalitiesofasuccessfulbusinessman.他具备了一个成功商人应具有的所有品质。[即学即练](1)Hehasmanygood(quality),buthisbestqualityishiskindness.他有许多良好的品质,而最好的品质是为人善良。(2)Asamatteroffact,airinmanycitiesis.事实上,许多地区的空气质量很差。【答案】(1)qualities(2)ofpoorquality(3)Weallagreethattheproductsofthisfactoryareofbetter________.A.qualityB.quantityC.principalD.identity2.devotevt.献身;专心于【教材原句】Agreatpersonissomeonewhodevoteshis/herlifetohelpingothers.伟人就是将他/她的一生致力于帮助别人的人。【归纳拓展】①devoted...to(介词)...把……奉献给;把……专注于devoteoneselfto(doing)sth.致力于;献身于devoteone’slife/time/money/energyto(doing)sth.把某人的一生/时间/金钱/精力奉献……②devotedadj.深爱的;忠诚的bedevoteto(doing)sth.专心于......;致力于......;奉献于......;热衷于......③devotionn.关爱;奉献I’mdevotingallmytimeandenergytocaringformysonrightnow.目前我把所有的时间和精力都放在照顾儿子上。Herson,towhomsheissodevoted,wentabroadlastyear,leavingheraloneinthesmallvillage.她非常疼爱的儿子去年去了国外,留下她一个人在小村子里。Hisdevotiontohiswifeandfamilyistouching.他对妻子和家人的关爱感人至深。[即学即练](1)这些艺术家把终生献给了艺术,为艺术事业作出了巨大贡献。Theseartists________________________________________art,andmadegreatcontributionstotheartisticfield.(2)Idon’tthinkweshoulddevoteanymoretimeto(persuade)suchastubbornmantochangehismind.我认为我们不应该再花时间来说服这么顽固的一个人改变主意。3.meanadj.吝啬的;自私的;卑鄙的;刻薄的【教材原句】Therichbosswhoisusuallymeantohisworkersismeanwithmoney.那位富有的老板通常对他的工人很刻薄,他对钱非常吝啬。【归纳拓展】①bemeanwithsth.对某物吝啬bemeantosb.对某人刻薄②meanvt.意指,意味着,意思是meantodosth.打算做某事meandoingsth.意味着做某事Inmyopinion,thatisameanthingtodo.依我看来,那是一件很卑鄙的事情。[即学即练](1)I’mterriblysorry,butIdidn’tmean(upset)yourplan.真对不起,但我并非有意打乱你的计划。(2)Bobisdeterminedtogetaseatfortheconcerteventhoughitmeans(stand)inlineallnightfortheticket.鲍勃决心要买到音乐会的票,即使那意味着整夜站着排队。4.foundvt.建立;建设【教材原句】HefoundedthefirstRepublicinChinain1911aftermanyyears’fighting.经过多年的斗争之后,他在1911年建立了中国第一个共和国。【名师点津】【语境助记】Afterthenewcountrywasfounded,thepoormanfinallyfoundhisfamily.在新的国家建立后,这位可怜的人终于找到了他的家人。[即学即练](1)TsinghuaUniversity,(found)in1911,ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures.建立于1911年的清华大学是成就大量杰出人物的摇篮。(2)We'veagreatnewrestaurantneartheoffice.我们在办公处附近发现了一家挺好的新餐馆。【答案】(1)founded(2)found5.votevt.&vi.投票;选举n.投票;票【教材原句】Blackpeoplecouldnotvoteorchoosetheirleaders.当时黑人没有选举权,他们无权选择他们的领导人。【归纳拓展】votefor投票支持voteagainst投票反对voteon投票表决votetodosth.表决做某事take/haveavoteon对......进行表决Didyouvotefororagainsther?你投了她的赞成票还是反对票?Wewilllistentotheargumentsonbothsidesandthenvoteonit.我们将先听听双方的论点,然后再表决。[即学即练](1)我将投票选吉姆,因为我认为他比别人好。Ishall______________Jim,becauseIthinkheisbetterthanothers.(2)因为他们不同意对方的意见,他们决定投票决定这件事。Astheycouldn’tagreewitheachother,theydecidedto_______________theissue.(3)我们家人表决同意向律师求助。Ourfamily_______________turntothelawyerforhelp.6.attackvt.&n.进攻;攻击;抨击;(疾病等的)侵害【教材原句】Wechosetoattackthelaws.我们选择向法律进攻。【归纳拓展】①makeanattackon/upon对……发动攻击be/comeunderattack遭到袭击;遭到抨击aheartattack心脏病突发②attacksb.攻击/抨击某人beattackedwith患……Whatwillyoudoifyouareunderattack?Wouldyouliketomakeanattackonthosewhoattackyou?你受到袭击时会怎么做呢?你会向袭击你的人发起攻击吗?[即学即练](1)Sheisverysadbecausehermother(attack)withcancer.她很伤心,因为她母亲得了癌症。(2)Theoldmansuffered(attack)yesterday.这位老人昨天心脏病发作了。(3)Thejudgesaidthatitwasnotlegal(attack)otherpeoplewithviolence.法官说用暴力攻击别人是不合法的。7.equalv.等于;抵得上adj.相等的;胜任的n.同等的人;相等物【教材原句】ButIwashappytohelpbecauseIknewitwouldhelpusachieveourdreamofmakingblackandwhitepeopleequal.但是,我乐于帮忙,因为我知道,这是为了实现我们黑人和白人平等的梦想。【归纳拓展】①beequalto与……相等;能胜任;能应付beequalwith与……相等②bewithoutequalhavenoequal没有能比得上的③equalsb.in在……方面比得上某人④equallyadv.同样地,平等地I’msureTom’squiteequaltothetask.我认为汤姆完全有能力承担这项任务。I’mnotsureheisequaltothejob.我不确定他是否能胜任这份工作。[即学即练](1)Idon’tthinkheisequal________thiskindofwork,soIcan’thirehim.A.indoingB.doingC.todoD.todoing(2)Hispaintingsareinthewesternworld.他的画在西方世界首屈一指。(3)Noonecanequalherdancing.论跳舞,没有人能比得上她。【答案】(2)withoutequal(3)in8.escapevt.&vi.逃避;逃脱;避免;逃走;泄露n.逃走;逃脱;逃避;泄露【教材原句】Itwasaprisonfromwhichnooneescaped.那是个无人逃走过的监狱。【归纳拓展】①escapefrom+n.从……中逃脱escapedoingsth./sth.逃避(做)某事②haveanarrowescape九死一生;幸免于难Shemanagedtoescapefromtheburningcar.她设法从燃烧的汽车里逃了出来。Hewasluckytoescapepunishment/beingpunished.他逃脱惩罚真是幸运。Hehadanarrowescape.他九死一生。【名师点津】escape后面接非谓语动词作宾语时要用动名词,不能用不定式。[即学即练](1)Mikeoftenattemptstoescape________wheneverhebreakstrafficregulations.A.havingbeenfinedB.tohavebeenfinedC.tobefinedD.beingfined(2)Noonecanescape(punish)ifhebreakslaw.任何违法的人都逃脱不了惩罚。(3)AsfarasIknow,he.据我所知,他九死一生。【答案】(2)punishment/beingpunished(3)hadanarrowescape9.rewardn.&v.报答;报酬;奖赏【教材原句】TheysaidthatthejobandthepayfromthenewSouthAfricangovernmentweremyrewardafterworkingallmylifeforequalrightsfortheBlacks.他们说来自新南非政府的那份工作和薪水是对我一生为黑人的平等权利而奋斗的回报。【归纳拓展】①give/offerarewardtosb.fordoingsth.rewardsb.with...fordoingsth.为某事而给某人报酬②inrewardfor因为……得到奖赏inreward作为回报/报答asarewardfor作为对某事的报酬/奖赏Youdeservearewardforbeingsohelpful.你帮了这么大的忙,理应受到奖励。Shegotnothinginrewardforherkindness.她的好心没有得到一点回报。[即学即练](1)Tom’sfathermadeapromisethathewouldgivehima(n)________ifhepassedthecollegeentranceexamination.A.awardB.prizeC.rewardD.profit(2)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