Of-Studies-(英汉对照)

1OfStudies（英汉对照）FrancisBacon王佐良先生译文Studiesservefordelight1,forornament2,andforability3.读书足以怡情，足以博彩，足以长才。Theirchief4usefordelight,isinprivateness5andretiring6;其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；forornament,isindiscourse;其傅彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中；andforability,isinthejudgment7,anddisposition8ofbusiness.其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。Forexpert9mencanexecute10,andperhaps11judgeofparticulars12,onebyone;练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节，butthegeneral13counsels14,andtheplots15andmarshalling16ofaffairs17,comebest,fromthosethatarelearned.然纵观统筹、全局策划，则舍好学深思者莫属。Tospendtoomuchtimeinstudiesissloth;读书费时过多易惰，tousethemtoomuchforornament,isaffectation18;文采藻饰太盛则矫，tomakejudgmentwholly19bytheirrules,isthehumorofascholar20.全凭条文断事乃学究故态。Theyperfectnature,andareperfectedbyexperience:读书补天然之不足，经验又补读书之不足，fornaturalabilitiesarelikenaturalplants,thatneedpruning21,bystudy;盖天生才干犹如自然花草，读书然后知如何修剪移接；andstudiesthemselves,dogiveforthdirections22toomuchatlarge,excepttheybebounded23inbyexperience.而书中所示，如不以经验范之，则又大而无当。1.delight[di'lait]n.高兴2.forornamental[,ɔ:nə'mentəl]adj.装饰的，装饰性的装饰门面，显示才学3.ability[ə'biliti]n.能力，能耐；才能4.chief[tʃi:f]adv.主要地；首要地5.privatenessn.私人性6.retiring幽居7.judgment['dʒʌdʒmənt]n.判断；判决书；辨别力8.disposition[,dispə'ziʃən]n.处置；[军]部署9.expert['ekspə:t,ek'spə:t]adj.熟练的；老练的10.execute['eksikju:t]vt.实行；执行；处死11.perhaps[pə'hæps,præps]adv.也许；可能12.particulars[pə'tiku:ləz]n.细节；详情13.general['dʒenərəl]adj.一般的，普通的14.counsel['kaunsəl]报错n.法律顾问；忠告；讨论15.plot[plɔt]n.情节；阴谋16.marshalling['mɑ:ʃəliŋ]v.整理（marshall的ing形式）17.affair[ə'fεə]n.事情；事务；18.affectation[,æfek'teiʃən]n.做作；矫揉造作；假装19.wholly['həuli]adv.完全地；全部；统统20.scholar['skɔlə]n.学者；儒生21.pruning['pru:niŋ]v.修剪（prune的ing形式）22.direction[di'rekʃən,dai-]n.方向；指导；23.bounded['baundid]adj.有界限的2Crafty1mencontemn2studies,simplemenadmire3them,andwisemen4usethem;有一技之长者鄙读书，无知者羡读书，唯明智之士用读书，fortheyteachnottheirownuse;butthatisawisdom5withoutthem,andabovethem,wonbyobservation6.然书并不以用处告人，用书之智不在书中，而在书外，全凭观察得之。Readnottocontradict7andconfute8;nortobelieveandtakeforgranted9;nortofindtalkanddiscourse;buttoweigh10andconsider.读书时不可存心诘难作者，不可尽信书上所言，亦不可只为寻章摘句，而应推敲细思。Somebooksaretobetasted,otherstobeswallowed11,andsomefewtobechewed12anddigested13;书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。thatis,somebooksaretobereadonlyinparts;otherstoberead,butnotcuriously14;andsomefewtobereadwholly,andwithdiligence15andattention.换言之，有只须读其部分者，有只须大体涉猎者，少数则须全读，读时须全神贯注，孜孜不倦。Somebooksalsomaybereadbydeputy16,andextracts17madeofthembyothers;butthatwouldbeonlyinthelessimportantarguments18,andthemeanersortofbooks,elsedistilled19booksarelikecommondistilledwaters,flashy20things.书亦可请人代读，取其所作摘要，但只限题材较次或价值不高者，否则书经提炼犹如水经蒸馏、淡而无味矣。Readingmakeafullman;conference21areadyman;andwritinganexact22man.读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。Andtherefore,ifamanwritelittle,hehadneedhaveagreatmemory;因此不常作笔记者须记忆特强，ifheconfer23little,hehadneedhaveapresent24wit25;不常讨论者须天生聪颖，1.crafty['krɑ:fti]adj.狡猾的；灵巧的2.contemn[kən'tem]vt.蔑视；侮辱3.admire[əd'maiə]vt.钦佩；赞美4.wisemann.哲人；魔术师5.wisdom['wizdəm]n.智慧，才智；6.observation[,ɔbzə:'veiʃən]n.观察；监视；观察报告7.contradict[,kɔntrə'dikt]vt.反驳；否定；与…矛盾；8.confute[kən'fju:t]vt.驳斥，驳倒9.granted['gra:ntid]conj.算是如此，但是10.weigh[wei]vt.权衡；考虑；称…重量11.swallow['swɔləu]vi.吞下；咽下12.chew[tʃu:]vt.嚼碎，咀嚼13.digest['daidʒest]vt.消化；吸收；融会贯通14.curiously['kjuəriəsli]adv.好奇地15.diligence['dilidʒəns]n.勤奋，勤勉；注意的程度16.deputy['depjuti]adj.副的；代理的17.extract[ik'strækt]vt.提取；取出；摘录；榨取18.argument['ɑ:ɡjumənt]n.论证；论据；内容提要19.distilled[dis'tild]v.蒸馏（distill的过去式）20.flashy['flæʃi]adj.瞬间的；俗丽的；21.conferencen.协商；讨论22.exact[iɡ'zækt]adj.准确的，；精确的23.confer[kən'fə:]vi.协商，讨论24.present['prezənt,pri'zent]vt.提出；呈现；25.wit[wit]n.智慧；才智；智力3andifhereadlittle,hehadneedhavemuchcunning1,toseemtoknow,thathedoth2not.不常读书者须欺世有术，始能无知而显有知。Historiesmakemenwise;poetswitty;themathematics3subtitle4;naturalphilosophy5deep;moral6grave7;logic8andrhetoric9abletocontend.Abeuntstudiainmores.10[Studiespassintoandinfluencemanners]读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理学使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩：凡有所学，皆成性格。Nay,thereisnostandorimpediment11inthewit,butmaybewroughtoutbyfitstudies;likeasdiseasesofthebody,mayhaveappropriate12exercises.人之才智但有滞碍，无不可读适当之书使之顺畅，一如身体百病，皆可借相宜之运动除之。Bowlingisgoodforthestoneandreins13;shootingforthelungs14andbreast;gentlewalkingforthestomach;ridingforthehead;andthelike.滚球利睾肾，射箭利胸肺，慢步利肠胃，骑术利头脑，诸如此类。Soifaman'switbewandering15,lethimstudythemathematics16;forindemonstrations17,ifhiswitbecalledawayneversolittle,hemustbeginagain.如智力不集中，可令读数学，盖演题须全神贯注，稍有分散即须重演；Ifhiswitbenotapttodistinguish18orfinddifferences,lethimstudytheSchoolmen;fortheyareCyminisectors19.[splittersofhairs]如不能辨异，可令读经院哲学，盖是辈皆吹毛求疵之人；Ifhebenotapttobeatovermatters,andtocalluponethingtoproveandillustrate20another,lethimstudythelawyers'cases21.如不善求同，不善以一物阐证另一物，可令读律师之案卷。Soeverydefect22ofthemind,mayhaveaspecialreceipt23.如此头脑中凡有缺陷，皆有特药可医。1.cunning['kʌniŋ]adj.狡猾的；巧妙的2.doth[强dʌθ,弱dəθ]do的三单形式3.mathematics[,mæθə'mætiks]n.数学；数学运算4.subtitle['sʌb,taitl]vt.给…加副标题5.philosophy[fi'lɔsəfi,fə-]n.哲学；哲理；人生观6.moral['mɔrəl,'mɔ:-]n.道德；寓意7.grave[ɡreiv]vt.雕刻；铭记8.logic['lɔdʒik]n.逻辑；逻辑学；逻辑性9.rhetoric['retərik]adj.花言巧语的,修辞10.Abeuntstudiainmores:读书增进礼貌11.impediment[im'pedimənt]n.口吃；妨碍；阻止12.appropriate[ə'prəupriə