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UNIVERSITYENTRANCEEXAMINATIONENGLISHLANGUAGEDuration:2½hoursPleasereadthefollowinginstructionscarefully.1.ThisexaminationhasTHREE(3)sections–A,BandC,andcomprisesEIGHT(8)printedpages.2.Attemptallsections.3.Readtheinstructionsatthebeginningofeachsection.4.Writeallyouranswersontheanswerpaperprovided.5.Attheendoftheexamination,attachthecoverpaperontopofyouranswerscript.Completetheinformationrequiredonthecoverpageandtiethepaperstogetherwiththestringprovided.6.Donottakeanypaper,includingthequestionpaperandunusedanswerpaper,outoftheexaminationhall.SECTIONA–Essay(40Marks)YouressaywillbegradedonhowclearlyyouexpressyourselfinEnglish.Thismeansyoushouldusearangeofgrammaticalstructuresandbroadvocabularytowriteawellorganizedessaywithfullydevelopedarguments.Beforeyoubeginwriting,youareadvisedtotake3to4minutestoorganiseyourthoughtsandplanyouressay.Youcanusethenon-linedpagestodoyourroughwork.Youarealsoadvisedtousethelast5minutestorevise,editandproofreadyouressaytomakethenecessarychangesorcorrections.Writea350wordessaytoaneducatedreaderwithnospecialistknowledgeononeofthefollowingtopics.Youshouldspendabout60minutesonthistask.Youshoulduseyourownideas,knowledgeandexperience,andsupportyourargumentswithexamplesandrelevantevidence.1.Plaguedbyaheavyworkloadandadesiretoscorewellacademically,manyhighschoolanduniversitystudentsaretemptedtotakeadvantageofcopyingsomeoneelse'sworkorofhavingsomeoneelsedotheirworkandturnitinastheirown.Whateffectscanthisbehaviourcreateonthestudentsandthosearoundthem?Explainyouranswerclearlyusingspecificreasonsandevidence.2.TheInternethasnomaster,andwhatevergoesontheWebistheresponsibilityoftheindividualpublisher.Inrecentyears,numeroustopicshavefloweredon-line.ThismeansastudentsearchingthevastfieldsofinformationontheInternetmayfinddirtorfertiliser.Whateffectsdosuchdirtandfertiliserhaveonthestudent?WhatcanthestudentdotomaximisetheinformationontheWebforhis/hergood?Supportyouranswerwithpersuasivereasonsandexamples.3.Amulti-billionaireinyourcountryisgoingtogivesomemoneyeithertosupporttheartsortoprotecttheenvironment.Asacitizenwhoknowsyourcountry’sneedsverywell,whichdoyouthinkthebillionaireshouldchoose?Why?Usedetailedreasonsandexamplestoexplainyourstand.2SECTIONB–ReadingComprehension(40Marks)Thereadingcomprehensionactivitiestestyourabilitytounderstand,interpret,analyse,inferandsummarisetheideaspresentedinthepassage.Youmustthinkaboutwhatyouread,andyouhaveto“readbetweenthelines”asyouconsiderideasthatmaybeimpliedwithoutbeingclearlystated.Readthepassagebelowandanswerthequestionsthatfollowed.Youshoulduseabout60minutestodothistask.Japan:The“Hyper-Aging”Society1.Feelingold?TakealeaffromKeizoMiura'sbook.Fourdaysafterhis99thbirthday,he2.skieddowna24-kilometreglacieronMontBlancintheFrenchAlps,alongwithhis3.70-year-oldsonand33-year-oldgrandson.Heplanstodoitagainwhenheturns102.4.“IwanttoenjoyskiingaslongasIcan,”Miurasays.5.Hishealthylifestyleshouldhelp:Everyday,Miurawakesupat5.30a.m.,followsa6.strictexerciseregime-whichevenincludes“mouth-opening”exercisestokeephis7.facialmusclessupple-andcookshisownmeals.Hechoosestolivealone,ratherthan8.withhisson,becausehebelievesdoingthechoresaroundhisTokyohomecanhelp9.preventsenility.Helivesonhismodestpension,shunscaretakersandrarelyseesa10.doctor.11.ThatspiritofindependenceisessentialtoeasingtheburdenonsocietyinJapan,12.becauseJapan’spopulationisagingfasterthanthatofanyothercountry.Ofcourse,13.agingisabyproductofrisinglongevity-Japanstandsoutinthisrespect.Thenumber14.ofpeopleaged100andolderdoubledfrom10,000fiveyearsagoto20,000in2002.15.TheJapanesemaleslivetoanaverageageof77.8years,whilefemalessurviveon16.averageto85.ThefactthatJapan’spre-1942“babyboom”cohortswerethefirstto17.benefitfromthesegainsinlongevity,hascreatedanunusuallylargebulgeinthe18.olderagegroups.Asaresultofthesetrends,Japanhasbeenpropelledintowhat19.MakotoAtohofJapan’sNationalInstituteofPopulationResearchcalls“hyper-aging.”20.Currently,23percentofJapaneseareover60.By2005,one-fifthofthepopulation21.willbeaged65yearsorolder;meanwhile,fertilityhasdroppedto1.3childrenper22.woman,wellbelowreplacementlevel.Thissituationiscausingconcernsthatthe23.standardoflivinginJapanisinabsolutedeclineasfarasonecanlookahead.24.Onemajorconcernthattheagingpopulationwillbringisskyrocketingmedicalcosts–25.oldpeopleusesomuchmoremedicalcareandthismayleadtoimpossiblyhigh26.premiumburdensforyoungerpeople.Anotherchiefconcernistheescalatingpension27.expenditures,whichmayleadtoeitherhighpaymentsorbigdeficitsforemployers.28.Followingsometwistsandturns,Japan'spresentsystemofuniversalmedical29.insuranceandpensionprotectionwasinauguratedin1961.Sincethen,ithas30.undergonemanyalterations,includingchangesintheenhancementofservices,drug31.pricestandards,andsoon.However,today'ssocialsecuritysystemstillfacesserious32.challengesduetotheacceleratedriseinmedicalcostsattendantontherecentrapid33.agingofthepopulationandtheworseningfinancialfoundationsformedicalinsurance34.andpensionplans.35.Japanesecitizenscanreceivemedicaltreatmentfromcertifiedphysiciansatcertified36.ho