人类工程学(1)

Ergonomics1ERGONOMICS人类工程学FromtheGreekwords“ergon”meaningworkand“nomos”meaningknowledge.来自于希腊语“ergon”,意思是工作,“nomos”意思是知识JRLaboratoriesInc.ERGONOMICS2Ergonomics:人类工程学Musculoskeletalinjuriesprevention预防肌肉和骨骼的损伤Principleofmakingtheworkplaceandjobtasksfitthepeople使工作场所和工作任何适宜于人体Poorergonomicshasbeenlinkedtofatigue,repetitivemotioninjuries,monotonouswork,stress,back,shoulders,arm,handandeyestrains.不良的人类工程学导致疲劳,重复运动损伤,单调工作,压力,背部/肩部/胳膊/手/眼损伤Staffmembersestablishingtheworkenvironmentmusthaveabasicunderstandingofergonomics.建立工作环境的人员应有人类工程学基本知识JRLaboratoriesInc.ERGONOMICS3Ergonomicsmustbeconsideredwhen:何时须考虑人类工程学Purchasingequipment采购设备Designingexperiments实验设计Designingworkstations工作台设计JRLaboratoriesInc.ERGONOMICS4Keyelementsofgoodergonomicdesign:良好人类工程学设计关键因素Sharedequipmentshouldbereadilyadaptabletodifferentoperatorsanddifferenttasks共享设备适应于不同的操作者和任务Thehighofworksurfacesandlab.benchesshouldallowforelbowstobendatrightangleswitharmsparalleltothefloor工作台表面和实验台的高度应使肘部弯曲成直角与地平平行Footrestsmaybeneedtobeprovidedtoensurelegsaresupported可能需要踏脚提供腿部支撑JRLaboratoriesInc.ERGONOMICS5Keyelementsofgoodergonomicdesign:良好人类工程学设计关键因素Lab.workareasshouldbedesignedtoavoidexcessivebending,reaching,stretching,twistingmotionsorawkwardpostures实验室工作场所设计应避免过度弯脚,拉伸,伸展,扭曲运作或难受的姿势Chairandlabstooldesignshouldbeadjustable,chairsshouldhaveastablebase,armsofchairshallbeadjustableinheightandweight椅子和凳子的设计应可调节.椅子应有稳定的基座,椅子扶手可按高度和重量调节Tasklightingshouldbeusedtoprovideforsufficientilluminationandeliminateshadows工作用灯光应提供充分的照明,消除阴影JRLaboratoriesInc.ERGONOMICS6Keyelementsofgoodergonomicdesign:良好人类工程学设计关键因素Repetitivephysicalworkcouldberotatedbetweenemployees重复的体力工作应在员工中轮流承担Adequateairquality,temperature,humidityandsupplyshouldbedistributedtoallworkareas为所有工作场所提供充分的空气质量,温度,湿度和供应Properliftingtechniquesshouldbeused使用适当的起重技术JRLaboratoriesInc.ERGONOMICS7Ergonomicinthelab.实验室中的人类工程学Computerworkstation计算机工作台Administrativetasks(useoftelephones,staplers,letteropeners,holepunchingdevices,photocopying,fillingcabinets,…)管理事务(电话,订书机,信件开启工具,打孔器,复印机,档案柜的使用等)Laboratory(fumehoodsdesign,workbenches,useofmicroscope,…)实验室(通风橱,工作台,显微镜的使用等)JRLaboratoriesInc.ERGONOMICS8Computerworkstations:JRLaboratoriesInc.ERGONOMICS9Administrativetasks:管理事务Useoftelephones电话使用Staplers,letteropeners,holepunchingdevices–uselargerhandlesformoresolidgrip钉书机,信件开启工具,打孔器-使用大的把手更牢固地抓握)Photocopying–goodworkstationorganizing(boxesofpaper,copymachineleveling,…)复印机-良好工作站管理(纸箱,复印机水平等)Useofhandcartsandelevatorstocarrymaterials使用手推车和电梯搬运物品JRLaboratoriesInc.ERGONOMICS10Laboratory实验室Fumehoods/Biologicalsafetycabinetsdesign通风橱/生物安全柜设计Workbenches工作台Microscopy显微镜Pipeting移液管JRLaboratoriesInc.ERGONOMICS11Generalrules:通用规则Importanceofworkstationsettings(storage,distance,hawwecanreachtheobject,possibleadjustmentstoindividualneeds,…)工作站设置的重要性(储存,距离,如何拿到物品,根据个人需求的调节等)RepetitionandDuration重复和持续时间Lighting(safetyregulationsrequirements,evendistributionthroughoutworkplace,don’tcreateglareorshadows)照明(安全法规要求,工作场所均匀布光,不能产生眩光或阴影)JRLaboratoriesInc.ERGONOMICS12Repetitivejobs:重复性工作Ifperformingrepetitivetaskforalongperiodoftime,occasionalstretchingexercisemayberecommended长时间做重复性工作,推荐不时的伸展运动Switchingtasksbetweenthestaff人员轮岗Regularbrakes定期减慢或停止工作JRLaboratoriesInc.ERGONOMICS13Someexamples:实例JRLaboratoriesInc.ERGONOMICS14Examplescontinued:实例JRLaboratoriesInc.ERGONOMICS15Examplescontinued:实例JRLaboratoriesInc.ERGONOMICS16Examplescontinued:实例(avoidoverheadlifting)JRLaboratoriesInc.ERGONOMICS17Questions?问题?