代谢工程改善野生酵母利用木糖产乙醇的性能石贵阳1,2,张凌燕1,2,张梁1,2,丁重阳1,2,王正祥11江南大学工业生物技术教育部重点实验室,无锡2141222江南大学生物工程学院生物资源研究室,无锡214122摘要:从256个自然样品中筛选得到1株可高效转化D-木糖的酵母。通过生理生化和分子生物学方法鉴定,证实该菌株是属于Candidatroplicalis的新菌株。以该酵母为研究对象,增加木糖醇脱氢酶表达量,通过改变代谢流以达到提高酒精产率的目的。以pXY212-XYL2质粒为基础载体,构建了含有潮霉抗性的pYX212-XYL2-Hygro,电击转化进入野生型C.tropicalis,潮霉素抗性筛选,得到含高拷贝木糖醇脱氢酶基因的重组菌株C.tropicalisXYL2-7。重组菌的比酶活达到0.5u/mgprotein,比原始菌株提高了3倍。实验表明,重组菌木糖醇得率比原始菌株降低了3倍,酒精得率提高了5倍。首次通过实验验证了热带假丝酵母利用木糖产乙醇的可行性,这对研究酵母利用秸秆、麦糠、谷壳等纤维质农业废弃物生产燃料乙醇具有重要启示。关键词:热带假丝酵母,木糖,乙醇,木糖醇脱氢酶MetabolicEngineeringforImprovingEthanolFermentationofXylosebywildYeastGuiyangShi,LingyanZhang,LiangZhang,ZhongyangDing,ZhengxiangWang1ThekeyLaboratoryofIndustrialBiotechnologyofMinistryofEducation,JiangnanUniversity,Wuxi,2141222LaboratoryofBiomassRefinery﹠Processing,JiangnanUniversity,Wuxi214122,ChinaAbstract:Oneyeaststrain,whichwasisolatedfrom256naturalsampleswasfoundtobeabletoutilizeD-xyloseeffectively.OnthebasisofassimilationphysiologicaltestsandMolecularbiologyteast,AllofthedetectionledtotheidentificationofyeaststrainasanewstrainofCandidatroplicalis.Metabolicengineeringbreedingstrategywasappliedtochangethemetabolicfluxinordertoincreasetheyieldofethanol.ThisCandidatroplicaliswastakenasthehoststrain,andoverexpressionofPichiaStipitisXylitolDehydrogenase(XDH)GeneXYL2wasexpected.ThepYX212-XYL2-HygrowasbasedonshuttlingexpressionvectorpXY212-XYL2.WithhygromycinBresistancegeneactedasadominantselectablemarker,pXY212-XYL2-HygrowastransformedintoCandidatropicalisbyelectroporation.SpecificXDHactivitiesoftransfornantsC.tropicalisXYL2-7were0.5U/mgprotein,whichwas3timesmorethanthatoftheparentstrain.Thefermentationtestindicatedthat,theyieldofxylitolwas3timeslessthanthatoftheparentstrain,andtheyieldofethanolincreasedby5times.ThefeasibilityofethanolproductionfromxylosefermentationbyC.tropicaliswasfirstlyprovedinChina.Thisstudyhasgreatsignificanceastomakeuseoftheabundantcelluloseresourcesfromagriculturalwaste(straw,wheatbranandhusk).Keyword:Candidatroplicalis;xylose;xylitol;ethanolCorrespondingauthor:GuiyangShi,Email:gyshi@jiangnan.edu.cn.汽爆预处理葛根联产乙醇与葛根黄酮的研究付小果1,陈洪章1*,汪卫东21中国科学院过程工程研究所生化国家重点实验室,100080,北京2湖南省强生药业有限公司,410005,长沙摘要:以鲜葛根为原料,提出了汽爆预处理葛根联产乙醇与葛根黄酮的新工艺,对各个影响条件进行了研究,获得了最佳的工艺条件:鲜葛根在0.8MPa压力下维持3.5min汽爆预处理后,加入糖化酶(65U/g)、纤维素酶(1.5U/g),0.1%(NH4)2SO4、0.1%KH2PO4和活化后的酵母,35℃同步糖化固态发酵60h。并与普通的先糖化后发酵等生产工艺进行了对比,认为汽爆预处理葛根同步糖化发酵工艺实现了葛根组分分级转化、清洁利用,为非粮食类淀粉质资源生产燃料乙醇提供了依据,具有广阔的应用前景。关键词:葛根,汽爆,乙醇,黄酮StudyontheproductionofethanolandisoflavonesfromSteam-pretreatedRadixPuerariaeXiaoguoFu1,HongzhangChen1*,WeidongWang21KeyStateLaboratoryofBiochemicalEngineeringInstituteofProcessEngineering,ChineseAcademyofSciences,10080,Beijing2HunanQiangshengMedicineCo.Ltd.,41005,ChangshaAbstract:Theproductionofethanolandisoflavonesbysimultaneoussaccharificationandsolidstatefermentationofsteam-pretreatmentRadixPuerariaeispresented.Throughexperimentsunderdifferentconditions,theoptimaltechnologicalconditionswereobtained:steam-explodedRadixPuerariaetreatedatasaturatedvaporpressureof0.8MPafor3.5min,glucoamylaseandcellulaseadded65U/gand1.5U/g,respectively,0.1%(NH4)2SO4、0.1%KH2PO4andfermentationat35-37℃for60h.Incomparisonwiththetechnologiesofthetraditionalproductionbyseparatehydrolysisandfermentation(SHF),simultaneoussaccharificationandsolidstatefermentation(SSF),uncookedRadixPuerariae.itwasfoundthatsimultaneoussaccharificationandSSFofsteam-pretreatmentRadixPuerariaewascleanandenergy-saving,providedthebasisoftheproductionofethanolfromthenon-foodstarchmaterial,whichisworthwhiletobeexploredandimplementedinindustry.Keywords:RadixPuerariae,steam-pretreatment,ethanol,isoflavones通讯作者:陈洪章(1961-),男,研究员。Tel:86·10·82627067,100080。E-mail:hzchen@home.ipe.ac.cn汽爆秸秆变温发酵生产L-乳酸条件的探究苏晓明魏小娅王远亮任慧卿王润光(重庆大学生物材料和仿生工程研究中心和生物工程学院,重庆,400044)摘要:本文研究了将秸秆经蒸汽爆破等预处理后,用纤维素酶和米根霉同时糖化发酵生产生物降解材料聚乳酸的原料-乳酸。研究结果表明,将预处理的秸秆50℃酶解18小时后,接入米根霉种子发酵120h,其中开始发酵10h后加入1g碳酸钙,可以得到较好的转化率。关键词:纤维素,预处理,同时糖化发酵,乳酸StudyonthericestrawwiththesteamexplosionsimultaneouslysaccharifytheyeastsolutionproducesthelacticacidSuXiao-Ming,Weixiao-ya,WangYuan-Liang,RenHui-Qing,WangRun-Quang(ResearchCenterofBoinspiredMeterialScienceandEngineeringandBioengineeringCollege,ChongqingUniversity,Chongqing,400044)Abstract:Ricestraw,afterthesteamexplosion,wouldbethelowest-costgreenresourceforlacticacidthatistherawmaterialofbiodegradationPLA,withcellulaseand.Rhizopusoryzae.Theresultshowedthatthebetterconvertingratewasobtainedwithenzymaticdegradatedfor10hoon50℃beforefermentation,1gCaCO3added10afterbeginning,trainingfor120h.Keyword:cellulose;peteatment;SSF;lacticacid固体废弃物生物制氢技术研究进展Progressofstudiesonbio-hydrogenutilizingsolidwastes李延川魏云林王华*LIYan-chuanWEIYun-linWANGHua*昆明理工大学生物工程技术研究中心,昆明650224BiotechnologyResearchCenter,KunmingUniversityofScienceandTechnology,Kunming650224摘要:氢气能作为一种清洁能源和工业上的原料所使用,目前国际上氢气的获得主要有化学制取和电解水制取2种方法,但这些方法都需要耗费大量的能源,而且在生产的过程中极易对环境造成污染。相比之下,生物制氢有着极大的优势,它主要是通过微生物发酵或者光合微生物的作用,将有机废弃物进行分解,获得氢气。利用上述废弃物进行产氢即可以低廉的获得氢能源同时又能资源化利用废弃物。本文对固体废弃物的类型、产氢的方法等进行了综述。关键词:生物产氢,固体废弃物,废物生物处理AbstractAsacleanenergysourceandindustrialmaterial,hydrogengaswasver