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AStudyonAssessingtheEffectofRetrofittingforReinforcedConcreteBuildingsUsingAmbientVibrationMeasurementMOIS91202518AbstractTheequipmentofambientvibrationmeasurementandthetechniqueofidentifyingfundamentalperiodsandthecorrespondingmodeshapesarefullydevelopedinthepastdecades.Iftheeasilymeasureddynamicparameters,suchasfundamentalvibrationperiodsandmodeshapes,canbeusedasthepreliminaryassessmentofretrofittedbuildings,itiscertainlyaneasyandfasttoolforseismiccapacityevaluation.Thedynamicparametersidentifiedfromambientvibrationareintermsofstiffness,whiletheseismiccapacitiesareassociatedwiththestrengthofthebuildings.Inthisresearch,18structuralmodelsareestablishedandthetworelationshipsbetweenthestiffnessandthestrengthareproposedaccordingtotheregressionanalysisofthesemodels.Oneisthefunctionofroofdisplacementductility,whiletheotheristhefunctionofroofdisplacementratio.Henceseismiccapacitycanbecalculatedusingthedynamicpropertiesfromambientvibrationtestandtheproposedrelationships.Thecontributionofbrickwalls,thecorrespondingPGAvalueandthedeterminationofductilityareexplained.Therelationshipsproposedinthisresearchnotareonlymoreflexiblebutalsotakemoreeffectsintoconsiderationincomparisonwithotherresultsintheliterature.TheycanbefurtherextendedasaneasytoolforpreliminaryassessmentofseismiccapacityofexistingRCbuildings.9213311981(1999a)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999a)(2001)(200020001999b)(20001997)(1998)(1999)(1997)0.330.5()2%6%,2%3%(2001)()0.33(2002)A36A572(1997)()Youssefetal.(2000)Leeetal.(2000)Leuetal.(2002)Leeetal.(2000)35Leuetal.(2002)25(2002)ETABS5252Leuetal.(2001)15-758%-1%(1997)2.12.22.32.42.1(FastFourierTransform,FFT)3.1CelebiandLiu(1998)2.22.1nk1k2…knnnnnnn2.3ikiANNiViikiB2.2kiAikiBuiNNN(1997)ATC-40(ATC1996)2.47(1)kiAkiB45kiAkiB811(2)iDRi=ui/hiuiihiiiDRi1/2101/3201/250iDRi1/1201/2001/150(1)kiAkiB5(2)5(3)DRi1/250DRi1/300(4)(2.1)(2.2)2505AAABBiiiiiiiiiihkhDRkkkukV===(2.1)3005AiiihkV=(2.2)(1)n()n(2)nn(3)(2.1)(2.2)2.3iuiVV5/ABiiiiiukuk==5ˆA/ukiiˆˆBukiii==kiAkiB573.13.1.1(AmbientVibration)10-5~10-3g()(AmbientVibrationTest)(1980)(1981)LohandWu(1996)(20002001)Leu(20012002)(1995)(1)(Resolution)(2)(3)(4)TokyoSokushinCo.Ltd.VSE-15DSPC-35100Hz(100)(HighPassFilter)0.1Hz0.01cm0.1kine(1kine=1cm/sec)10gal103.1.2(SpectralAnalysis)/(SingleInput/Output)(Auto-correlationSpectrum)xxyySHS2=(3.1)Syyy(t)Sxxx(t)H(WhiteNoiseProcess)SxxSyyH(FourierTransformation)]1[lim]1[lim2*YTEYYTESTTyy∞→∞→==(3.2)EYy(t)Y*Y()(FastFourierTransformationFFT)∑−=−=10/)2()()(NkNjknekynYπn=0,1,..,N-1(3.3)γ1−=jNN=2γt=0.01secNN102410246000058N204829(Normalizedmeansquareerror)222241+≈yyyyereSSBTBε(3.4)Be(ResolutionBandwidth)NBe=1/N∆t∆t0.01Tr600NBe(3.4)(RandomError)(BiasEerror)NNAliasingh(t)H(f)fcH(f)h(t)t1/(2fc)t=0.01sec50Hz0.02sec3.2183.2.1183.2.22.23.2.318(staticpush-overanalysis)3.2.4183.2.53.2.43.2.1ETABS7.2181851567830(1)5F7F210kg/cm22.08*105kg/cm2280kg/cm22.51*105kg/cm22400kg/m34200kg/cm2(2)15(3)(2002)(4)250kg/m2100kg/m280kg/m2430kg/m280kg/m2200kg/m240%(5)120kg/m2200kg/m280kg/m2120kg/m2134kg/m2(2002)(6)(rigiddiaphragm)(7)(1)WFCZIFmuu)(5.4=V5%0.004Z=0.23I=1.0CWFu0.1)(≤muFC2.13.10.0050.004(2002)(2)1.4DL1.4DL+1.7LL1.05DL+1.275LL±1.4025EQ0.9DL±1.43EQDLLLEQ2.22.8WFCZImuy)(4.1α=V5%ZICFuWy1.50.5%4%ETABS7.23.1(2002)(1)RPMML1PFPFL2RPMML1L21.01.0(2)RSCWB1.21.01.03.2.22.25%3.1v(x,t)v(x,t)=Φ(x)Γ(t)(3.5)∫∫ΦΦ==ωLLdxmdxEIMK0202**(3.6)PPdxEIvtLPvL∫=02),((3.7)dxEILPL∫Φ=Φ02)((3.8)(3.6)(3.8)Φ(L)=1∑∫∫=Φω=Φω=Φ=niiiLLmdxmdxEIP12202202(3.9)miiΦiiPCek∑=Φω=niiiemCk122(3.10)3.2.118Ce(2002)Ce1.192.4%Ce()Ce=1.19(3.10)iiiCCCηηηη12233)(++=Φ(3.11)Hii/ζη=iζH3.2.118C3C2C1(2002)C3C2C1C3C2C1C3=2.95T3+11.9T2–15.6T+5.59(3.12)C2=5.69T3–22.7T2+29.5T–11.2(3.13)C1=2.74T3+10.8T2–13.9T+6.60(3.14)(3.12)(3.13)(3.14)r20.890.910.85(3.11)(3.12)(3.13)(3.14)515(1)(2)(3.11)(3.12)(3.13)(3.14)(3)(4)(3.10)Ce1.193.2.3ETABS7.218(staticpush-overananlysis)(1)(preload)WFCZIVmuy)(4.1α=5%(referenceload)(2002)(2)P-3.21.0(3)ETABS7.2(4)(2002)R123450.50%0.75%1.00%1.25%1.50%(2002)RCkDR3.2.41818V/WCkCkV/WTV/W=0.22-0.037TR=1(3.15)V/W=0.35-0.089TR=2(3.16)V/W=0.42-0.12TR=3(3.17)V/W=0.48-0.15TR=4(3.18)V/W=0.53-0.18TR=5(3.19)(3.15)(3.16)(3.17)(3.18)(3.19)r20.710.920.940.960.95(2002)CkTCk=0.62+0.23TDR=0.50%(3.20)Ck=0.52+0.12TDR=0.75%(3.21)Ck=0.45+0.071TDR=1.00%(3.22)Ck=0.42+0.029TDR=1.25%(3.23)Ck=0.39+0.0050TDR=1.50%(3.24)DR(3.20)(3.21)(3.22)(3.23)(3.24)r20.720.440.280.0870.040(2002)V/W(3.15)(3.19)Ck3.2.2(3.20)(3.24)r25RPMMRSCWB1.01.0R=1(3.20)(3.24)r2(3.20)(3.24)r20r2(3.15)(3.24)(2002)(3.20)(3.24)10%(3.15)(3.19)(3.20)(3.24)V/WCkV/WCkCk0.2V/WCkCkuuHRDRyyyDRHuuuHuRDR===//(3.25)DRyDRDRyRyDRRDR×=(3.26)18DRy(2002)DRyDRy0.4%18DRyDRy=0.08%+0.26%TT1.23(3.27a)DRy=0.4%T≥1.23(3.27b)(3.15)(3.19)3.27(3.20)(3.24)3.273.33.3.13.2(2002)5252104rrr=4.982H–0.1441(3.28)r=2.495H–0.1784D0.2388(3.29)HD(3.28)(3.29)3.2(3.28)(3.29)3.33.3.23.23.422221111uyuydFICWZFICWZVαβ=αβ=(3.30)12Z1=0.23g1=1.4y1=1.5Ra1=2.5Fu1Ra13.4dyVV222=αβ(3.31)(3.31)(3.30)1221112uudyFFVVZZαβ=(3.32)V23.2Ra2Fu2Ra2Z2Ra22.5180.2480.313g0.272g7.7%4.0180.4290.487g0.453g4.1%(2002)2.50.272g0.23g4.00.