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目录摘要·····················································································································1关键字··················································································································11我国反倾销现状·································································································11.1反倾销金额不断上升·······················································································11.2反倾销税率加高产品范围不断扩大··································································11.3对我国实施反倾销的数目不断增加··································································22我国积极应对反倾销的重要性·············································································22.1强化对外反倾销的重要战略意义······································································22.2有利于提高产品市场占有率·············································································32.3消极应对导致国外反倾销变本加厉··································································33我国反倾销存在的问题·······················································································33.1视中国为“非市场经济国家”·········································································33.2相对单一的价格策略导致反倾销······································································33.3企业反倾销意识淡薄·······················································································43.4出口企业恶性竞争严重···················································································43.5行业协会组织企业应诉不力·············································································43.6法制不健全····································································································43.7反倾销人才缺乏······························································································53.8贸易保护主义者滥用反倾销·············································································54中国针对反倾销的应对措施················································································54.1尽快取消非市场经济国家的标签······································································54.2制定产品出口价格要加强调研·········································································54.3企业增强反倾销意识是当务之急······································································54.4完善企业营销策略··························································································64.5充分发挥行业协会的作用················································································64.6完善法律体系·································································································64.7加强人才培养··································································································74.8积极利用WTO多边争端解决机制······································································74.9理顺企业产权制度··························································································7致谢·····················································································································7参考文献··············································································································7英文摘要··············································································································91我国对外贸易反倾销中存在的问题及对策研究［摘要］改革开放三十年来，我国经济飞速发展，伴随着国际经济地位的提高，我国面临的各方面的压力也越来越大尤其在经济方面。近几年来，反倾销问题一直是我国对外贸易中的热门话题。特别是在世界金融危机爆发后，国际贸易形势急速恶化，贸易保护主义加强，国外频繁使用反倾销这种贸易保护措施使我国企业蒙受了巨大的损失，更加成为我国近期国际贸易发展的重大障碍。因此，对我国在对外贸易反倾销中所存在的问题进行分析并找到对策变得非常重要。本文就通过对中国遭遇国外反倾销的现状进行论述，进而分析积极应对反倾销诉讼的重要性，以及了解中国遭遇国外反倾销中存在的问题，最后提出我国应对国外反倾销的措施，努力寻求解决问题的方法，使我国的对外贸易能够健康稳定的发展。［关键词］反倾销;存在问题;对策所谓倾销，是指一国产品以低于正常价格进入进口国市场，并使进口国市场已建立的产业受到实质性伤害或构成这一威胁，或实际上使进口国产业延迟建立。所谓反倾销，就是把一种产品在出口市场上的价格和国内市场上的价格进行比较。如果国内价格高于出口价格，则意味着这种产品被倾销到出口市场，进口国在一定条件下可以为此提高涉嫌倾销的产品的进口关税。按照倾销的定义，若产品的出口价格低于正常价格，就会被认为存在倾销。出口价格低于正常价格的差额被称为倾销幅度。在经济迅速发展的今天，反倾销是一种传播性极强的“瘟疫”，如果处理不好会直接影响我国产品在其他国家的竞争力，甚至可能导致中国失去国外市场。在中国成为世界第三贸易大国的同时，惊人的外贸发展速度迅速招致境外如潮水般袭来的反倾销。中国加入世贸组织后逐步取消了一些国家对中国的高关税贸易壁垒，取而代之的是配额、许可证等非关税措施。其中，反倾销以其方便、见效快的特点倍受各国青睐，而我国也成为该贸易保护措施的最大受害国之一。1我国反倾销现状1979年8月，欧共体对来自中国的糖精实施反倾销调查。这是中国产品第一次在国外遭遇这种调查。近年来，一些国际组织和国家对我国商品反倾销起诉开始大幅增加，而且涉及到的国家遍及亚非拉三大洲。尤其是2008年美国次贷危机演变为世界金融危机后，中国遭受的国外反倾销诉讼更是与日俱增，包括纺织品、钢铁以及家电产品在内的中国主要出口项目都遭到了反倾销诉讼。据2008年全国商务会议报告，国家对外贸易持续快速发展，进口额从2002年的6208亿美元增长到2007年的21738亿美元，年均增长28.5%，是改革开放以来增长周期最长、增长速度最快、增速最稳定的时期。在世界的排名由2002年的第六位跃至第三位，其中出口跃居第二位，外贸占全球比重也从3%上升到8%，俨然已经成为世界贸易大国。1.1反倾销金额不断上升据我国海关统计，1979年至2007年，在国外对华启动的879起反倾销调查中，涉及冶金产品的案件数为90起，占比为10.2%。2008年上半年，国外对华冶金产品反倾销案件数占到同期对华反倾销案件总数的27%，远远超过了历年平均水平。由于我国冶金产品出口额巨大，2008年上半年，许多案件的涉案金额均超亿美元（如欧盟对华预应力非合金钢丝和钢绞线反倾销案涉案金额达2.4亿美元），2008年上半年，国外对华反倾销案件涉案金额已超过数十亿美元，而且这些遭遇反倾销调查的产品都是具有比较优势的，一旦被采取反倾销措施，我国许多企业都受到严重影响。反倾销调查牵涉企业之多，涉案金额之大，是对我国出口企业的考验。金额的不断上升不仅影响到我国经济的发展，而且严重打击我国企业的积极性。1.2反倾销税率加高产品范围不断扩大反倾销税率的制定一直是反倾销最终裁决的关键，近几年来，反倾销税率也在不断的上升。2004年12月，美国认定中国输美木制卧室家具对美国相关产业造成了实质性的损害，确认对中国家具企业2征收不同程度的反倾销税。其中广东佛山有柏亿、晋泰、冠球、顺枫木业四家企业被裁定征收8.64%的平均关税（后下调至6.65%），其他未应诉企业的反倾销税率为198.08％。2009年2月9日，美商务部做出第一次行政复审初裁，5家强制应诉企业税率为1.24％至74.69％，应诉企业中38家的加权平均税率为62.94％；全国未应诉企业统一税率为216.01％。由于大部分中国家具企业获得的反倾销税率高于50％，将不得不退出美国木质卧室家具市场。根据美国反倾销的相关法规，在反倾销案期满一周年，美国商务部将对此案进行行政复审。以后每年，