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Automotive Battery CAE ……………..27th INTERNATIONAL BATTERY SEMINAR & EXHIBIT Fort Lauderdale, FloridaMarch 15‐18, 2010Pre‐Seminar Tutorial IAhmad A. Pesaran, Ph.D. Automotive Battery CAEAutomotiveBatteryCAE@q.com1Electric Drive Vehicles and Their Energy Storage Systems: What You Need to KnowAutomotive Battery CAE ……………..Automotive Battery CAE ……………..Outline1.Background –Emergence Electric Drive Vehicles2.Classification of Electric Drive Vehicles –Micro Hybrid Electric Vehicles –Mild Hybrid Electric Vehicles–Full Hybrid Electric Vehicles –Plug‐in Hybrid Electric Vehicles–Range Extender Electric Vehicles –Battery Electric Vehicles–Fuel Cell Vehicles3.Technologies Needed for various Electric Drive Vehicles4.Requirements for Energy Storage in various Electric Drive Vehicles5.Comparison of Electric Drive Vehicles–Fuel economy –Cost –Driving range 6.Present Technologies and Vehicles7.Future Trends and Prospects2Automotive Battery CAE ……………..Automotive Battery CAE ……………..Outline1.Background –Emergence Electric Drive Vehicles2.Classification of Electric Drive Vehicles –Micro Hybrid Electric Vehicles –Mild Hybrid Electric Vehicles–Full Hybrid Electric Vehicles –Plug‐in Hybrid Electric Vehicles–Range Extender Electric Vehicles –Battery Electric Vehicles–Fuel Cell Vehicles3.Technologies Needed for various Electric Drive Vehicles4.Requirements for Energy Storage in various Electric Drive Vehicles5.Comparison of Electric Drive Vehicles–Fuel economy –Cost –Driving range 6.Present Technologies and Vehicles7.Future Trends and Prospects3Automotive Battery CAE ……………..Automotive Battery CAE ……………..Drivers for Emergence of Electric Drive Vehicles –Why are they popular? •Higher prices of gasoline and its instability•Oil peak and gap in production•Importing oil from unstable countries •Global economic impact of high prices of oil•Energy security •Political pressure to use domestic fuel•Environmental impact of using fossil fuel–Greenhouse gases–Climate change•Acceptance of consumers about hybrid vehicles•Regulation and policies•Increased interest of public in green and renewable technologies4Automotive Battery CAE ……………..The Transportation Petroleum Gap in U.S.DOE Vehicle Technology Website : The U.S. Production has two lines after 2005. The solid line is conventional sources of petroleum, including crude oil, natural gas plant liquids, and refinery gains. The dashed line adds in othernon‐petroleum sources, including ethanol, biomass, liquids from coal, other blending components, other hydrocarbons, and ethers. The sharp increase in values between 2007 and 2008 are caused by the data change from historical to projected values.Automotive Battery CAE ……………..All Sectors' Petroleum Gap (U.S.)DOE Vehicle Technology Website Battery CAE ……………..Peak Oil7Peak oilis the point in time when the maximum rate of global petroleumextractionis reached, after which the rate of production enters terminal decline. Prices expected to rise in anticipation of lower production.From Colin J. Campbell; The Association for the Study of Peak OilAutomotive Battery CAE ……………..Oil Consumption and Importation8Rapid Rate Oil Consumption in ChinaAutomotive Battery CAE ……………..Global Economic Impact of Oil Prices9 Battery CAE ……………..Political Pressure to Use Domestic Fuel10Automotive Battery CAE ……………..Trends in Vehicle Attribute Preference11Fuel Economy is one of top preferences, again! Battery CAE ……………..Best and Worst Fuel to Replace Gasoline (A Public Survey)12Consider a future date when gasoline is no longer available. Which of the following do you think would be the best orworstfuel for use in personal vehicles: electricity, ethanol, or hydrogen?Best FuelWorst FuelElectricity is considered the best fuel by most respondents andthe worst by the least respondents Battery CAE ……………..Increase of Gasoline Prices In Recent YearsIts Impact of HEV Sales13There is a large gasoline price volatility in U.S.Nancy Gioia, ”Ford’s State of Electrification,”EDTA Conference, Washington, D.C. January 28, 2010Automotive Battery CAE ……………..Increased Concerned About Environmental Impact of Using Fossil Fuel14Automotive Battery CAE ……………..Increased U.S. Public and Industry’s in Renewable Energy 15US Wind Electricity Capacity://‐13‐09.pdfAutomotive Battery CAE ……………..Regulations and PoliciesIncreased in Federal Fuel Economy Standards State’s Zero Emission Vehicle Mandates 16Since 1990, the passenger car