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1公路工程名词术语中英文对照公路highway道路road公路工程highwayengineering公路网highwaynetwork公路网密度highwaydensity公路等级highwayclassification公路自然区划climaticzoningforhighway公路用地highwayright--of--way高速公路freeway等级公路classifiedhighway辅道reliefroad干线公路arterialhighway支线公路feederhighway专用公路accommodatehighway国家干线公路（国道）nationaltrunkhighway.省级干线公路（省道）provincialtrunkhighway县公路（县道）countyroad乡公路（乡道）townshiproad辐射式公路radialhighway环形公路ringhighway绕行公路bypass交通结构trafficstructure交通组成trafficcomposition混合交通mixedtraffic交通流trafficflow交通流理论trafficflowtheory车流vehiclestream交通密度trafficdensity车头间距Spaceheadway车头时距timeheadway车间净距vehiculargap延误delay地点速度spotspeed行驶速度runningspeed运行速度operatingspeed临界速度criticalspeed平均速度averagespeed计算行车速度(设计车速)designspeed交通量trafficvolume年平均日交通量annualaveragedaily月平均日交通量monthlyaveragedailytraffic年第30位最大小时交通量thirtiethhighestannualhourlyvolume年最大小时交通量maximumannualhourlyvolume设计小时交通量designhourlyvolume通行能力trafficcapacity基本通行能力basictrafficcapacity可能通行能力possibletrafficcapacity设计通行能力designtrafficcapacity道路服务水平levelofservice公路交通规划trafficplanning交通调查trafficsurvey交通量调查trafficvolumesurvey交通量观测站trafficvolumeobservationstation起迄点调查（OD调查）origin-destinationstudy出行trip境内交通localtraffic过境交通throughtraffic交通发生trafficgeneration交通分布trafficdistribution交通分配trafficassignment交通预测trafficprognosis行车道carriageway分离式行车道Dividedcarriageway车道lane变速车道speed-changelane加速车道accelerationlane减速车道decelerationlane爬坡车道climbinglane停车道parkinglane错车道turn-outlane自行车道cyclepath路侧人行道sidewalk分隔带laneseparator中央分隔带mediandivider中间带centralstrip路肩shoulder；verge路缘带marginalstrip路缘石kerb；curb侧向余宽lateralclearance路拱camber；crown路拱横坡crownslope公路建筑限界clearanceofhighway公路路线highwayroute公路线形highwayalignment平面线形horizontalalignment纵面线形verticalalignment线形要素alignmentelements平曲线horizontalcurve极限最小平曲线半径limitedminimumradiusofhorizontalcurv复曲线compoundcurve反向曲线reversecurve断背曲线broken-backcurve回头曲线switch-backcurve缓和曲线transitioncurve竖曲线verticalcurve弯道加宽curvewidening加宽缓和段transitionzoneofcurve超高superelevation超高缓和段superelevationrunoff纵坡longitudinalgradient最大纵坡maximumlongitudinalgradient最小纵坡minimumlongitudinalgradient变坡点gradechangepoint平均纵坡averagegradient坡长限制gradelengthlimitation高原纵坡折减highlandgradecompensation缓和坡段transitiongradingzone合成坡度resultantgradient视距sightdistance停车视距non-passingsightdistance，stoppingsightdistance超车视距passingsightdistance道路交叉roadintersection道口railroadgradecrossing平面交叉at-gradeintersection；gradecrossing正交叉right-angleintersection斜交叉skewintersection环形交叉rotaryintersection十字形交叉”十”intersectionT形交叉Tintersection错位交叉offsetintersection；staggeredjunctionY形交叉Yintersection立体交叉gradeseparation分离式立体交叉simplegradeseparation，separategradecrossing互通式立体交叉Interchange目蓿叶形立体交叉fullcloverleafinterchange部分目蓿叶形立体交叉cloverleafinterchange菱形立体交叉diamondinterchange定向式立体交叉directionalinterchange喇叭形立体交叉three-Leginterchange环形立体交叉rotaryinterchange匝道ramp交叉口roadcrossing；intersection交叉口进口intersectionentrance交叉口出口intersectionexit加铺转角式交叉口intersectionwithwidenedcorners拓宽路口式交叉口flaredintersection分道转弯式交叉口channelizedintersection渠化交通channelization交织weaving交织路段weavingsection合流converging分流diverging冲突点conflictpoint交通岛trafficisland导流岛channelizationisland中心岛centralisland安全岛refugeisland沿线设施roadsidefacilities交通安全设施trafficsafetydevice人行横道crosswalk人行地道pedestrianunderpass人行天桥pedestrianovercrossing护栏guardfence防护栅guardfence，safetybarrier遮光栅anti-dizzlingscreen应急电话emergencytelephone反光标志reflectivesign反光路钮reflectivebutton弯道反光镜trafficmirror道路交通标志roadtrafficsign警告标志warningsign禁令标志regulatorysign指示标志guidesign指路标志informationsign辅助标志auxiliarysign可变信息标志changeablemessagesign2路面标线pavementmarking防雪设施snowprotectionfacilities防沙设施sandsprotectionfacilities隔音墙acousticbarrier停车场parkingarea踏勘reconnaissance可行性研究feasibilitystudy线形设计highwayalignmentdesign公路景观设计highwaylandscapedesign选线routeselection路线控制点controlpoint定线location比较线alternativeline展线linedevelopment初测preliminarysurvey定测locationsurvey地貌topographicfeature地物culture地形topography台地terrace垭口pass；saddleback平原区plainterrain微丘区rollingterrain重丘区hillyterrain山岭区mountainousterrain沿溪线valleyline山脊线ridgeline山坡线hill-sideline越岭线ridgecrossingline土方调配cut-filltransition土方调配图cut-filltransitionprogram土方调配经济运距economicalhaulingdistance导线traverse导线测量traversesurvey中线centerline中线测量centerlinesurvey施工测量constructionsurvey竣工测量finalsurvey(路线)平面图plan交点intersectionpoint虚交点imaginaryintersectionpoint转点turningpoint；转角intersectionangle方位角azimuthangle象限角bearing方向角directionangle切线长tangentlength曲线长curvelength外(矢)距externalsecant测站instrumentstation测点observationpoint中桩centerstake加桩additionalstake护桩referencestake断链brokenchainage水准测量levelingsurvey水准点benchmark绝对基面absolutedatum高程elevation地面高程groundelevation设计高程designedelevation(路线)纵断面图profile中桩填挖高度cutandfillatcenterstake地形测量topographicsurvey基线baseline地形图topographicmap等高线contourline横断面测量cross-sectionalsurvey横断面图cross-section坑探pittest钻探boring摄影测量photogrammetry航空摄影测量aerialphotogrammetry地面立体摄影测量groundstereophotogrammetry地面控制点测量groundcontrol-pointsurvey航摄基线aerophotobase影像地图photographicmap像片索引图(镶辑复照图)photoindex航摄像片判读aerophotointerpretation综合法测图planimatricphoto全能法测图universalphoto微分法测图differentialphoto像片镶嵌图photomosaic路基subgrade路堤embankment路堑