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1．desirev.n.期望,欲望，desirableadj.可取的，有利的havenodesireforsth.对……没有欲望haveastrongdesiretodosth.迫切想做dosth.atsb.’sdesire应…的要求做某事satisfyone’sdesires满足某人的愿望desireforsth.渴望得到…desiretodo/sb.todosth.迫切希望做/某人做某事desire＋that＋主语＋(should＋)动词原形(虚拟语气)2.testoutsth.=putsth.tothetest对新试做的物品或新产生的理论进行“试用”或“检验,考验”,检验其试用的程度或有效性,以便加以改进。eg.Theirtheoryisgoingtobetestedout.turnout证明是；生产putout熄灭letout泄露；放出，发出setout着手，开始findout找出tryout试验figureout合计，计算出；想出3)persuadesb.todosth.=persuadesb.intodoingsth.说服某人做某事若劝说不成功，应用triedtopersuade或advised.Themothertriedtopersuade/advisedherson,whoisinGradethree,toabandonthecellphone,butfailed.名师一线讲坛4.alarmn．警报；惊恐vt.使警觉；惊动(1)soundthealarm发出警报take(the)alarmat对……感到吃惊(2)bealarmedat/for被……吓一跳bealarmedtodo...做……感到恐慌名师一线讲坛5.smoothadj.平滑的；平坦的；顺利的vt.使光滑；平坦或顺利smooth…on/into/oversth.(将软物)均匀涂抹于…smoothsth.away/out消除(问题)；克服(困难)smoothsth.over缓和/调解某事asmoothroad平坦的路6．sympathyn．同情；赞同，支持express/show/have/feelsympathyforsb./sth.对…表示同情getsympathyfromsb.获得某人的同情outofsympathy出于同情insympathywithsb./sth.支持某人/某事名师一线讲坛7.favourn．喜爱；恩惠，帮忙vt.喜爱；偏袒(＝favor)(1)askafavorofsb.求人帮一个忙doafavorforsb/dosbafavor(2)bein(outof)favor(with)受宠(失宠)，得到(不受)偏爱infavorof赞成，支持inone’sfavor对某人有利名师一线讲坛8.accompanyvt.陪伴；伴奏；附有；配有(1)accompanysth./with(by)sth.与……同时存在或发生accompanysb.at/onsth.用……给某人伴奏(2)companyn．陪伴；公司keepsb.company陪伴某人companionn．同伴，伙伴9.ringsbup=callsb.up=givesb.acall/ring=callsb.onthetelephone=phonesb打电话给某人ringoff/hangupthetelephone挂断电话holdon别挂answerthephone接电话callback=ringback回电话10.therestood...全倒装,常用于这种结构的动词有stand,live,come,lie,seemtobe,happentobe,belikelytobe,等Therehappenedtobeathree-dayexaminationwhileourEnglishteacherwasaway.主语为名词时，全倒装时；若主语如为人称代词，不倒①Theregoesthebell.②Nowcomesyourturn.③Thedooropenedandincameourheadteacher.④Awaywentthestudents.Awaytheywent.⑤Presentatthemeetingaresometeachersandstudents.11.Bytheamusedandsurprisedlookonherface,ChaireknewthatGladysthoughtshewashavinganaffair.从她脸上惊奇的表情判断…byprep.=accordingto根据,按照Bymywatch,itistwoo’clock..by的用法：“到......时为止”,其后若跟过去时间,haddone;若跟将来时间,willhavedoneBytheageof15,hehadtaughthimselfadvancedmaths.表示时间时,还有“在……期间,不迟于”的意思。Ihavenoideawhyheoftensleepsbyday.by作为介词和副词,意思还有“在附近,在旁边,经,由,依据,通过,用,以……方式”Pleaseletmeby.请让我进去。12.firm稳固的,坚实的asfirmasarock坚如磐石afirmfaith坚定的信念afirmfoundation牢固的基础名师一线讲坛13.declarevt.宣布,声明,宣称declarationn．宣布；声明；宣言declarefor/against表示赞成/反对……declarewar(on/against)(向……)宣战declareoneself发表意见；表明态度declareoff取消名师一线讲坛declare，announce(1)declare指在庄严场合，官方权威人士公开郑重宣布，有时指在公共场合对某事表明态度。Thegovernmentdeclaredwaronthedrugdealers.政府宣布对毒品交易者开战。(2)announce指对公众或特定人群进行宣布，常指大家感兴趣的事TherewillbeanannouncementthatthestudentsinGradeTwoandOnewillhaveathree-dayholidayonTomb-sweepingDay(QingmingFestival;PureBrightnessFestival)14.envy嫉妒，羡慕(jealous)envysb.sth.嫉妒羡慕某人某事begreenwithenvy非常妒忌beinenvyofone’ssuccess羡慕某人的成功outofenvy出于妒忌/羡慕15.leavesb./sth.alone=letsb./sthalone随他去,不干涉,让其独自待着Leavemybookalone.别动我的书。letalone连用译为“更不用说”A1-year-oldbabycan’tevenspeak,letalonerecitepoems.leavebehind留下；不带走；忘了带leavefor动身去……leaveoff停止；结束leaveout省略；漏掉leave...aside搁置一边；不予考虑leaveitwithme把这事留给我吧leavesth.forsb.把某物递交给某人16.havesb.doing“让/某人做某事或让某种情况发生”动作正在进行或一直进行won’thavesb.doing“不让某人做某事”①Don’thavethebabycrying!不要让婴儿啼哭！②You’dbetterhaveyourcarrunningslowly.你最好把车子开慢点儿。③Iwon’thaveyoutalkingtoyourmotherlikethat.我不允许你这样与你妈妈说话。(1)havesb.do让某人做某事(2)havesb./sth.done使某事被别人做(3)havesth.todo有事要做(todo做后置定语修饰sth.，该不定式的动作由主语发出)(4)havesth.tobedone有事要做(todo做后置定语，但不定式的动作不是由主语发出的，而是别人)①I’llhavethegardenerplantsometrees.②Whydon'tyouhaveyourhaircut?③Ihavesomeclothestowash.我有些衣服要洗。(洗衣服是主语发出的动作)④Ihavesomeclothestobewashed.我有些衣服要洗。(洗衣服不是主语发出的动作，由别人来做)