英语国际音标分类及书写

音素分类音标书写音位音长元音声带振动单音口形不变前元音[i:][ɪ][e][æ]扁唇形，舌尖抵下齿，依次张大中元音[ɜ:][ə][ʌ]圆唇，舌悬空中高，依次张大后元音[u:][ʊ][ɔ:][ɒ][ɑ:]扁圆唇，舌后缩底高，依次张大双元音口形变合口双元音[eɪ][ɔɪ][aɪ]前长后短，前重后轻，首音长三分之二，次音三分之一，从首音滑向次音，一到即止。合口双元音[əʊ][aʊ]集中双元音[ɪə][ʊə][eə]辅音声带振动或无振动腔阻成音爆破音清[p][t][k]1.双唇闭，气冲成音2.舌尖抵上齿龈，弹舌成音3.舌后部抵软鄂，咳气成音浊[b][d][g]摩擦音清[s][θ][fʃ]1.sz双唇微张，舌尖平近上齿，气流缓出舌齿间，2.双唇微张，舌尖平抵上齿龈冲舌成音3.圆唇微突出，舌尖微上卷近上齿龈，送气成音4.上齿轻咬下唇，气出唇齿，摩擦成音.浊[z][ð][z][ʒ]破擦音清[tr][tʃ][ts]口舌摆好首音音位，尽力发出次音，即可成音浊[dr][dʒ][dz]半元音[w][j]1.W稍圆突唇舌后抬起，嘴唇滑向两边，振动2.j扁唇微笑，舌尖抵下齿，舌面贴上鄂，振动，3.两音长很短，一出即滑至后音似摩音[l][h][r]1.l舌抵上齿龈，稍弯，气出舌两边成音，振动2.h嘴唇自然张开，呵气成音，声带不振动3.r舌关上卷悬中，圆唇稍突，冲舌成音,振动鼻音[m][n][ŋ]双唇紧闭，舌尖平悬，气出鼻腔振动双唇微开，舌尖抵上齿龈，气出鼻腔，振动双唇张开，舌尖抵下齿龈，舌后自然升顶，气出鼻腔，语流音变浊化两清辅音相连，后清变浊，[sp]→[sb][st]→[sd][sk]→[sg][str]→[sdr]speakspystudystarskyschoolscreenstreet失爆两爆相连，爆擦相连，前音失爆BlackboardbookcasebedsidecardboardfootbridgeComebacktomorrow.Idon’tthinkso.连读前词辅音尾，后词元音头，连读成一词Notatall.Thereis,onit,inanoffice,inEnglish,Getout,allover,firstofall,英语国际音标新旧对照表Vowels元音20个新i：ɪeæɜ:əʌu:ʊɔ:旧i:ieæə:əʌu:uɔ:新ɒa:eɪaɪɔɪəʊaʊɪəeəʊə旧ɔɑ:eiaiɔiəuauiəεəuəConsonants辅音28个无变化pbtdkgfvszðmnŋlrhwjʃʒtʃdʒtrdrtsdz英语国际音标四线三格书写规范长元音[i:][u:][ɜ:][ɔ:][ɑ:]短元音[ɪ[ʊ][ə[ɒ][e][æ][ʌ]双元音/eɪ//ɔɪ//aɪ//ɪə//ʊə//eə//əʊ//aʊ/轻辅音/p//t//k//f//ʃ//s//θ/浊辅音/b//d//g//v//ʒ//z//ð/轻辅音/ts//tʃ//tr//h/浊辅音/dz//dʒ//dr//r/鼻音/m//n//ŋ/半元音/j//w/舌侧音/ǀ/含糊音/ǀ/英语国际音标音源练习一.单元音：vowels（12个）1.[i:]A:Teaorcoffee?B:TeaforLeeandcoffeeforme,please.e:mebesheheweeveningseeee:sweetbeesweepsheepsleepthreegreenea:meatreadleafseapeateacheatcleanie,ei,eo:piece,ceiling,people2.[ɪ][i]Hislittlesisterissittinginthemiddle.i:isEnglishpigfishinfifteensixshipthine:beginbehindjacketbasketbally:happyheavybusylorrycarrysunnylovelystudythirstytwentythirtywindyrainyey:monkeymoneyay:SundaySaturdayFriday比较：1.it--eat2.live—leave3.fill—feel4.seat—sit5.tree—trip6.bit—bee7.sheep—ship8.deed—did9.live—leave10.feed—fit11.pea—pit12.rid—read13.street—strict14.sleep—slip3.[e]Good,better,best.Neverletitrest.Tillgoodisbetter.Andbetterbest.e:eggbelldesklegredpetthentenpenea:breadheadbreakfastai:again4.[æ]Cat,cat!Catchthatblackrat!a:dadhatcapbagcatcanbadapplebagflaghandrabbitantblackfathasstandratmapCompare:1.bet--bat2.pat—pet3.bag—beg4.sat—set5.neck--lack6.sad—said7.bad—bed8.dad—dead9.lad—led10.fad—fed5.[:][ə:]Theearlybirdcatchesthewormfirst.er:herservetermir:birdgirlskirtfirstdirtyskirtshirtur:nurseThursdayturtlepurplecurtainear:earlylearnor:wordworkworld6.[ə]Thefarmer’ssisterisadoctor.er:teachercleverbrotherdinnerfathersisterrulerar:sugaror:doctora:pandaaboutabovecamerasofaChinae:openure:picture7.[ʌ]Cometothefrontonthedouble.o:soncomecolourlovemoneyu:sunnutjumpgumusbusbrushsupperduckou:touchcousincountry8.[u:]Howdoyoudo?Youlookreallycool.o:dowhowhoseoo:foodmoontoosoonui:fruitjuiceu:rulerrudeou:soupoe:shoe9.[ʊ][u]Lookatthecookbook.It’sreallygood.o:womanwolfoo:lookgoodbookfootwoodclassroomu:bullbullet10.[ɔ:]Mydaughterwho’sforty-fourisalawyer.a:wateraw:drawstrawberryal:ballwallcallor:horsemorningcornforkorshortoor:floordoorau:autumnar:warm11.[ɒ][ɔ]Thelittlepotissohot.o:foxcoffeedogshopdogdoctorlongsorrya:watchwhat12.[a:]It’sfartothefarmfromthepark.a:grassglassclassplantdancefastfatherlasthalfar:carstararmparkMarchhardgardendarkscarfau:laughauntear:heart二.双元音（8个）：13.[eɪ][ei]Rain,raingoaway.LittleJohnnywantstoplay.a:cakemakenamegamesnakegatelazyai:raintrainwaitay:dayMayplaytadaywayea:great14.[ɔɪ][ɔi]Soybeanoilismychoice.oi:oilboilcoinpointoy:boytoy15.[aɪ][ai]Outofsight,outofmind.i:kitebikenicetigerwriteideaknifefivey:bycryflymyskytrywhygoodbyeie:tiepieuy:buy16.[əʊ][əu]Goandopenthewindow,Joe,andshowmethephoto.o:noserosepoemoldoverhellooa:boatcoatsoapgoatow:showwindowsnowbowl17.[aʊ][au]Ifoundamouseinthehouse.ou:housemousemouthtrousersaboutroundow:flowercowhownowdowntown18.[ɪə][iə]Weareneartheendoftheyear.ear:earheartearyeareer:deerbeerea:really19.[eə][εə]Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.air:hairchairpairear:pearbearwearere:thereeir:theirare:careful20.[ʊə][uə]It’ssuretobegoodforthetourists.oor:poorour:tourFebruaryure:surepure三.辅音Consonants(28个)[p]Practicemakesperfect.[b]Barryfoundabigbugonherbed.[t]Thisisahat,that’sacap.[d]ThedoormantoldDavidtogodown.[k]Don’tkitthekitten.[g]Agoodbeginningmakesagoodending.[f]Ifyoubuyfish,makesureit’sfresh.[v]Victorisveryclever.[s]Sandyhasanewswimmingsuit.[z]WhatsizeofshoesdoesDaisywear?[]Thankyouforyourtablecloth.[ð]Thosearefarandthesearenear.[]Washthefish,please.[ʒ]pleasure,television[t]Heteacheschildrenhowtoplaychess.[dʒ]Johnlikestotelljokes.[tr]There’relotsoftrucksinthestreet.[dr]Helikesstrongdrinks.[ts]Thestudentsarewearingwhiteshirts.[dz]Takeawayyourdirtyhands鼻音[m]MayIhavesomemilk,mum?[n]Noraknowsthenewcomer.[ŋ]Linglingislisteningtothesong.Compare:n[n]ng/nk[ŋ]in—inksin-singthin---thingthan—thankson---song摩擦音[h]havehotwhowholehatehouseHelenholdsherhands.[r]readwritewrong舌边音[l]landworldlittlemiddlecastlepuzzleWhatabeautifulbicycle!半元音[w]wallwhatanswerThehomeworkeveryweekisveryhard.[j]yesyellowyearyourskirtiswet.