•基本电流镜电路:M1、M2尺寸相等电流镜工作原理:2N1REFNDS1DS1sat1KP()(1V-V))2GSTHWIVVL,(2N2NODS2sat2KP()(1V-V))2OGSTHWIVVL,(2,221111,1()//1()ODSsatoREFDSDSsatVVIWLIWLVV𝐼𝑜𝐼𝑅𝐸𝐹=𝑊2𝐿2𝑊1𝐿1M1:不考虑沟长调制M2:M1、M2漏极电流比•通过调整电流镜的比例,可调整输出电流的大小FiguresfromCMOSCircuitDesign,Layout,andSimulation,CopyrightWiley-IEEE,CMOSedu.com电流源输出电压V0范围:VDS,sat到VDDFiguresfromCMOSCircuitDesign,Layout,andSimulation,CopyrightWiley-IEEE,CMOSedu.com•电流镜的偏置•上图中输出电流易受电源电压VDD、温度和M2的VDS影响FiguresfromCMOSCircuitDesign,Layout,andSimulation,CopyrightWiley-IEEE,CMOSedu.com•恒流源要求产生一个不随VDD和地点位变化的偏置电流Iref,如图FiguresfromCMOSCircuitDesign,Layout,andSimulation,CopyrightWiley-IEEE,CMOSedu.com•1采用一个只有MOS管的基准电路,M1等效为一个电阻•2与电源无关的偏置-倍增益基准电流条件当成立,那么,FiguresfromCMOSCircuitDesign,Layout,andSimulation,CopyrightWiley-IEEE,CMOSedu.com•启动电路。在基准电路没有正常工作之前,可能会有一种状态,M1、M3自偏置栅电压可能为零和VDD,使电路无法正常工作,这就需要启动电路。启动电路中MSU3等效为一MOS开关。FiguresfromCMOSCircuitDesign,Layout,andSimulation,CopyrightWiley-IEEE,CMOSedu.comFiguresfromCMOSCircuitDesign,Layout,andSimulation,CopyrightWiley-IEEE,CMOSedu.com•估算M6的栅极电压与漏极电流FiguresfromCMOSCircuitDesign,Layout,andSimulation,CopyrightWiley-IEEE,CMOSedu.com•MOS管作为电流镜的问题:输出电流随着Vo的增大而变化,这是有限的输出电阻导致的。•设想保持源漏电压不变,那么输出电流不变。FiguresfromCMOSCircuitDesign,Layout,andSimulation,CopyrightWiley-IEEE,CMOSedu.com•共源共栅电流镜•M4栅压VDS,sat+VTH•电流源上最小电压,FiguresfromCMOSCircuitDesign,Layout,andSimulation,CopyrightWiley-IEEE,CMOSedu.com•输出电阻FiguresfromCMOSCircuitDesign,Layout,andSimulation,CopyrightWiley-IEEE,CMOSedu.com•低压(宽摆幅)共源共栅•1M2的漏极不具有维持其饱和所需的最小电压(即VDS,sat),而被保持在高于该最小值的阈值电压。•2这意味着M4的漏极电压Vo,可达到保持M2/M4饱和的最小可能电压,即2VDS,sat。FiguresfromCMOSCircuitDesign,Layout,andSimulation,CopyrightWiley-IEEE,CMOSedu.com•M2栅压•M4栅压•那么,要使M2M4电流相等有