国际商务合同的文体与翻译chapter4

LOGO国际商务合同的文体与翻译StyleandTranslationofInternationalBusinessContracts商务英文合同的语言特色LanguageFeaturesLanguageFeaturesofBusinessContractWordUsinginBusinessContractSentencePatterninBusinessContract312Aretheygoodsentences?Thebuyercanaskforaclaimagainstthesellerbecausethesellercausedthelossesthebuyerhastobear.Thebuyershallhavetherighttolodgeaclaimagainstthesellerforthelossessustainedifany.买方有权对因此遭受的其他损失向卖方提出索赔Aretheygoodsentences?Forthefulltermandevenwhenthecontractisfinishedorcancelled,PartyBcannottelltherelatedtechnicalinformationtotheotherparty.ForthefulltermandevenaftertheterminationorcancellationoftheAgreement,PartyBshalltakeallandeverynecessarycaretoensurethatsuchtechnicalinformationshallnotbedisclosedtoanythirdparty.在本合同有效期内，甚至在其终止或撤销后，乙方仍需注意保密，不得将该项技术资料泄露给任何第三方。LanguageFeaturesCommercialcontractisanagreement,whichlegallybindsthepartiesconcernedaccordingtofixedlaws.Therefore,languageincommercialcontractshouldbeprofessionalorlegal,formalandaccurateinordertoavoidpossibledisputesandconflicts.WordUsinginBusinessContractLOGOFormallegalwords正式法律用语Formallegalwords商务合同是具有法律效力的经济文书，其语言属于法律范畴。商务英语合同中大量使用的是正式的法律用语及专业词汇，它既不同于文学文本中诗情画意的文字，也不同于生活用语中随性而发的话语。FormallegalwordsTheEmployershallgivecorrecttechnicalguidancetothepersonnel.雇主应该对有关人员给予正确技术指导。TheEmployershallrendercorrecttechnicalguidancetothepersonnel.FormallegalwordsPartyAshallrepatriatethepatienttoChinaandbearthecostofhispassagetoGuangzhou.PartyAshallsendbackthepatienttoChinaandbearthecostofhispassagetoGuangzhou.甲方应将病人遣返中国并负责其往返广州的旅费FormallegalwordsThisContractshallbegovernedbyandconstruedinaccordancewiththelawsofChina.ThisContractshallbegovernedbyandexplainedaccordingtothelawsofChina.本合同受中国法律管辖，并依照中国法律解释。FormallegalwordsTheAppendixheretoshall,throughthecontractperiod,bedeemedtobeconstruedasanintegralpartofthisContract.TheAppendixheretoshall,throughthecontractperiod,beconsideredtobeconstruedasanintegralpartofthisContract.整个合同期间，本合同附件都应解释为合同不可分割的一部分Formallegalwords※“在……之前”一般用“priorto”，而不用“before”；IftheForceMajeureappliespriortotheCompletionDate,thepartieswillmeettodiscussarevisedtimetableforthecompletionoftheProject.如在竣工期之前遇到不可抗力，双方应开会讨论修改工程竣工的时间表。Formallegalwords※“关于”常用“asregards”，“concerning”或“relatingto”，而不会用“about”；TechnicalDocumentationmeansthetechnicalindices,specifications,drawingsanddocumentsrelatedtoDesign,Inspection,Erection,TestRuns,Commissioning,PerformanceTest,OperationandMaintenanceofContractPlant,detailsofwhicharespecifiedinAppendix2,3,8and9.技术文件：本合同附件二，三，八，九中所列的与合同项目的设计，检验，安装，试车，投料试生产，性能测试，操作，维修等有关的全部技术数据，规格，图纸和文件。Formallegalwords1.“事实上”用“ineffect”，而不用“infact”；2.“开始”用“commencement”,而不用“start”或“begin”；3.“停止做”用“ceasetodo”，而不用“stoptodo”；4.“其他事项”用“miscellaneous”,而不用“othermatters/events”；Formallegalwords5.“认为”用“deem”，少用“consider”，不用“think”或“believe”；Intheabsenceofsuchindication,theCreditshallbedeemedtoberevocable.如无该项表示，信用证应视为可以撤消的。6.“愿意做”用“intendtodo”或“desiretodo”，而不用“wanttodo”,“wishtodo”。LOGOTerminology专业术语Terminology商务合同中有很多专业术语，如涉及数字、时间、交货条件、贸易术语以及信用证等方面的专业词汇特别多。翻译的时候必须做到准确无误，否则，将会给双方当事人造成难以估量的损失。翻译者要善于积累相关的专业术语。比如：ForceMajeure(不可抗力)defect（瑕疵）jurisdiction（管辖）damage（损毁），loss（灭失）letterofcredit(信用证)billoflading（提单）billofexchange(汇票)Terminology合同中通常会出现订立合同的两方或两方以上的详细名称，为了避免在合同条款中反复出现过长的名称，现将涉及各方的词汇总结如下：甲方PartyA乙方PartyB买方theBuyer(s)卖方theSeller(s)缔约双方thetwocontractingparties各方eachparty第三方athirdparty任何一方eitherparty另一方theotherpartyTerminologyAnysuchassignment,transferorconveyanceshallbewithoutotherconsiderationthanthemutualcovenantsandconsiderationsofthisagreement.任何转让除根据本协议相互契约和对价外不得考虑其他。三个单词都有转让的含义，其中assignment和conveyance更为专业，后者主要表示不动产的转让Terminology…thesaidpartyofthefirstpartdoesherebybargain,sell,grantandconvey,infeesimple,withgeneralwarrantyoftitle,untothepartyofthesecondpart,thefollowing,to-wit:………上述甲方由此交易，出售，转让___,对所有权向乙方作出一般保证如下，即……此处”to-wit”相当于“thatistosay(i.e.)”LOGOOldEnglish古体词，旧体词OldEnglish旧体词在现代英语中已经很少使用，但是在法律性文件中却使用广泛。其主要原因是为了避免重复且反映出法律文件的严谨性。旧体词是由介词加前缀或后缀构成，大多数为副词。第一类：here+介系词以here开头，加上介系词的传统用字原则：here+介系词=介系词+this第二类：there+介系词以there开头，加上介系词的传统用字原则：there+介系词=介系词+that第三类：where+介系词以where开头，加上介系词的传统用字原则：where+介系词=介系词+whichOldEnglishHereunder=underthisEachpaymenttobemadehereundershallbeinAmericancurrency.Thefollowingtermsusedintheserulesshallhavethemeaningshereunderassignedtothem：本实施细则下列用语的含义是：以下规定的每项款额要用美元支付Hereby:bymeansof;byreasonofthis.特此，因此，兹Hereby=bythisTheSellerherebywarrantsthatthegoodsmeetthequalitystandardandarefreefromalldefects.卖方在此保证：货物符合质量标准无瑕疵。hereby=bythisagreementHereby:bymeansof;byreasonofthis.特此，因此，兹Hereby=bythisThiscontractisherebymadeandconcludedbyandbetween×××Co.(hereinafterreferredtoasPartyA)and×××Co.(hereinafterreferredtoasPartyB)on×××(data),in×××(Place),China,ontheprincipleofequalityandmutualbenefitandthroughamicableconsultation.本合同双方，×××公司(以下称甲方)与×××公司(以下称乙方)于×××(日期)在中国×××(地点),本着平等互利和友好协商的原则特签订本合同。Hereto:tothis,至此，在此上。在表示上文已提及的“本合同的…本文件的…”时，使用该词。Thepartieshereto:本合同双方Appendix4hereto:本协议附件4Hereto=tothisAlldisputesarisingfromtheperformanceofthisContractshall,throughamicablenegotiations,besettledbythePartieshereto.对于因履行本合同所