基于DSP的无刷直流电机控制系统的设计

I基于DSP的无刷直流电机控制系统的设计摘要本文围绕无位置传感器无刷直流电机(BLDCM)控制系统设计中的几个关键技术--位置检测、起动和控制方法进行了深入的研究，对无位置传感器无刷直流电机运行方式进行了全面的分析，在此基础上提出了瞬时状态检测与预测估计相结合的转子位置检测新方法，并通过“三段式”方法实现起动。为了提高系统的调速性能，控制方法采用了转速、电流双闭环。控制系统设计采用TI公司TMS320LF240x系列的DSP芯片作为控制核心。借助于DSP强大的处理能力和丰富的外设，整套系统省去了以往复杂的硬件电路，采用结构更加合理的软件，实现了系统的大部分功能，从而提高了系统的可靠性。实验结果表明，电机起动快速、稳定，具有较宽的调速范围。同时，该系统还具有结构简单、可靠性高等特点，具有广泛的应用前景。关键词：无位置传感器；无刷直流电机；位置检测；闭环控制；数字信号处理器；起动IIDesignofBrushlessDCmotorControlsystembasedonDSPAbstractThispapermainlystudysomepivotaltechniques—positiondetection,startandcontrolmethod,whichsurroundsbrushlessDCmotor(BLDCM)withoutpositionsensorcontrolsystem'sdesign.OnbaseofanalyzingandstudyingtherunmodeofBLDCM,wepresentanewrotorpositiondetectionmethodwhichwasinstantaneousstatedetectioncombinedwithstatepredict,andusethreesectstartmethod.Inordertoimprovethespeedingperformance,weadoptthetwoclosed-loopcontrolstrategyofspeedandcurrent.TheMCUofsystemistheTMS320LF2402DSPchip.InvirtueofpowerfulprocessingcapacityandplentyperipheralsofDSP,thesystemadoptmorereasonablesoftwarestructureinsteadoftheformercomplicatedhardwarecircuit,andgetbetterdependability.Experimentalresultsshowthatthemotorstartfastandstablewithwiderareaofspeeding.ThisBLCDMcontrolsystemhasthecharacteristicofsimplestructure,highdependability,andcanbeusedinmanyfields.Keywords:Sensorless；BrushlessDCmotor；Positiondetection；Closed-loopcontrol；Digitalsignalprocessing(DSP)；StartIII目录摘要..............................................................IAbstract...........................................................II第1章绪论.......................................................11.1研究背景......................................................11.2研究内容......................................................31.2.1转子位置检测技术的研究.....................................31.2.2起动方法的研究.............................................31.2.3电机控制方法的研究.........................................41.3本人在课题中承担的工作........................................4第2章系统总体方案设计.............................................52.1系统总体构成..................................................52.2无刷直流电机数学模型..........................................62.3转子位置检测方法的选择........................................72.3.1反电势法...................................................82.3.2电流法.....................................................92.3.3磁链估计法................................................102.3.4状态观测器法..............................................112.3.5人工智能方法..............................................112.4起动方法的选择...............................................122.4.1硬件起动电路..............................................122.4.2预定位起动方式起动........................................132.4.3三段式起动................................................142.5系统控制核心及控制方法的确定.................................152.5.1控制核心的确定............................................15IV2.5.2控制方法的确定............................................152.6课题中存在的难点和关键技术...................................16第3章关键技术研究................................................183.1转子位置检测技术.............................................183.1.1瞬时状态法原理............................................183.1.2反电势过零点预测估计原理..................................223.2三段式起动...................................................243.2.1同步切换技术..............................................243.2.2电机起动阶段的电压适应技术................................253.2.3假起动现象的形成和辨别....................................263.3转速、电流双闭环控制.........................................273.3.1PID控制原理...............................................273.3.2双闭环调速系统的设计......................................293.3.3PID的参数整定............................................323.4PWM脉宽调制技术..............................................33第4章系统硬件设计................................................374.1控制系统硬件总体构成.........................................374.2DSP控制系统硬件设计..........................................384.2.1DSP最小系统的构成........................................384.2.2DSP芯片供电设计..........................................384.3控制系统功率主电路设计.......................................394.3.1驱动芯片介绍..............................................394.3.2功率主回路设计............................................404.4转子位置检测电路设计.........................................404.53.3V与5V混合逻辑系统设计....................................41V4.6控制显示面板设计.............................................42第5章系统软件设计................................................445.1DSP软件开发介绍..............................................445.1.1C编译器概述...............................................445.1.2DSP的软件开发方法........................................455.1.3DSP中断介绍..............................................475.2系统软件总体结构及设计.......................................485.2.1系统软件总体结构..........................................485.2.2主程序设计................................................485.2.3紧急停机中断设计..........................................505.2.4位里检测中断设计..........................................505.2.5定时器1中断设计..........................................52第6章结束语......................................................53参考文