脑干、小脑、间脑脑干brainstem延髓medullaoblongata脑桥pons中脑midbrain一、外形二、内部结构(一)灰质:神经核:1.脑神经核2.非脑神经核3.网状核、中缝核(二)白质:上、下行纤维束(三)分部:被盖部、基底部中脑横断面顶盖大脑脚(大脑脚底、黑质、被盖)脑神经核名称、性质、位置脑干灰质1、脑神经核延髓:舌下神经核nucleusofhypoglossalnerve副神经核nucleusofaccessorynerve疑核nucleusambiguus迷走神经背核dorsalnucleusofvagusnerve下泌涎核inferiorsalivatorynucleus孤束核nucleusofsolitarytract三叉神经脊束核spinalnucleusoftrigeminalnerve脑桥:展神经核nucleusofabducentnerve面神经核nucleusoffacialnerve三叉神经运动核motornucleusoftrigeminalnerve上泌涎核superiorsalivatorynucleus三叉神经脑桥核pontinenucleusoftrigeminalnerve前庭神经核vestibularnuclei蜗神经核cochlearnuclei中脑:滑车神经核nucleusoftrochlearnerve动眼神经核nucleusofoculomotornerve动眼神经副核accessorynucleusofoculomotornerve三叉神经中脑核mesencephalicnucleusoftrigeminalnerve2、非脑神经核延髓;薄束核gracilisnucleus、楔束核cuneatenucleus下橄榄核inferiorolivary脑桥:脑桥核pontinenucleus蓝斑核locusceruleus中脑:红核rednucleus黑质sustantianigra中脑顶盖tectummidbrain(上丘、下丘、顶盖前区)脑干白质下行传导束:1、锥体束pyramidaltract2、皮质脑桥束corticopontinetract上行传导束:1、内侧丘系mediallemniscus2、外侧丘系laterallemniscus3、三叉丘系(丘脑束)trigeminothalamictract4、脊髓丘系(丘脑束)spinothalamictract小脑cerebellum一、分叶1绒球小结叶:前庭小脑2前叶:蚓垂蚓锥体脊髓小脑3后叶:大脑小脑二、小脑核齿状核、顶核、栓状核、球状核三、功能1、平衡2、调节肌张力3、协调肌肉运动三、间脑diencephalon背侧丘脑、上丘脑、下丘脑底丘脑、后丘脑