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替代词it，that，one(s)，those用法区别【学习目标】为了避免重复,it,that,one(s),those都可用来代替上文出现的名词，但它们的用法不同。现在来区别。【知识概括】用法1.it代替的是前面提到的同一名称的同一事物，即同名同物。所代替的名词可以是可数名词,也可以是不可数名词。如：Thenamewhitewatercomesfromthefactthatthewaterinthesestreamsandriverslookswhitewhenitmovesquickly.（it代替不可数名词water)Andtoday,ifyougotoSaltLakeCity,youcanseeamountainwithseagullsontopofit.(it代替可数名词mountain)I'dliketolookatthatatlas.MayIborrowit?(it代替可数名词atlas)2.one代替的是前面提到的同名异物中的任何一个,即同名异物，是泛指所代替名词是可数名词,其前可带冠词与修饰语。如代替复数名词，则用ones。如：Thepopulationproblemmaybethegreatestoneintheworldtoday.(one代替可数名词problem)-Whichjacketsareyours?-Thewhiteones.(ones代替可数名词jackets)3.that代替前面提到的同名异物中特指的事物，所代替的名词可以是可数名词,也可以是不可数名词，但其前通常不能有修饰语。如：those都可用来代替上文出现的名词，Thedoctorinourschoolisyoungerthanthatintheirschool.(that代替可数名词doctor)Theweatherofthisweekisworsethanthatoflastweek.(that代替不可数名词weather)Thequalityofironproducedinyourfactoryisbetterthanthatintheirfactory.(that代替不可数名词quality)4.those代替前面提到的同名异物中特指的事物，只能指代复数名词，相当于theones。如：InChinastudentslearnEnglishatschoolasaforeignlanguage，exceptforthoseinHongKong，wheremanypeoplespeakEnglishasafirstorasecondlanguage.(those代替复数名词students)Thecomputersinyourofficearemoreexpensivethanthoseinourschool.(those代替复数名词computers)区别•I.it／one／that三者均可用作代词,指代前面提到的名词。一般说来,it指代同名同物;one与that则指代同名异物。•Ihavelostmyumbrella;I'mlookingforit.（该句中it就是指前面的myumbrella）•Ihavelostmyumbrella;IthinkImustbuyone.（one在该句中表泛指,因为myumbrella已经丢了）•TheumbrellayouboughtischeaperthanthatIbought.（替代词that在该句中特指“theumbrellaIbought”,以区别“theumbrellayoubought”）•II.one与that虽可用来指代同名异物,但one为泛指,相当于a／an＋名词;that为特指,相当于the＋名词。所以one所指代的名词的修饰语一般为a／an／some／any;that所指代的名词的修饰语往往是the／this／that。•Achairmadeofsteelisstrongerthanonemadeofwood.（该句中one可以换成achair）•Thewaterinthecupishotterthanthatinthepot.（该句中that可以换成thewater）•III.one只能代替可数名词单数,代替可数名词复数时用ones;that既可以代替不可数名词也可以代替可数名词单数,代替可数名词复数时用those。•Ilikethispenmorethanthatone.（one代替可数名词单数pen）•Therewereafewyoungpeopleandsomeolderonesinthehouse.（ones代替可数名词复数people）•Mary'shandwritingisfarbetterthanthatofPeter.（that代替不可数名词handwriting）•Thesepicturesaremorebeautifulthanthose.（those代替可数名词复数pictures）•IV.one既可代替事物,也可代替人,that只能代替事物而不能代替人。有时可以用theone或theones代替that或those。•Theone／Thatonthetableismine.（该句中Theone代替事物,并且也可以用That）•Heistheteacher,theonewhoislovedbythestudents.（该句中theone代替人,不能用that）•Headvisedthefarmerstochoosethebestseed-heads,theones／thosethathadthebestcolor.（该句中theones代替事物,并且也可以用those）•V.one一般有前置修饰语,有时也可有后置修饰语或不用修饰语。而that不能有前置修饰语,但可有后置修饰语。•Cookwasastrictbutgoodcaptain,onewhotookgoodcareofhissailors.•Thewaterinthewelliscleanerthanthatintheriver.•VI.it可以替代句中的不定式或从句等,充当形式主语或形式宾语。one与that均无此用法。•Itisknowntoeverybodythatthemoontravelsaroundtheearthonceeverymonth.•Ifoundithardtogetonwithher.•VII.it与that均可以替代上文全句的内容或部分内容,而one／ones则不可以。•Hehassavedmylife;I'llneverforgetit.（it代替第一分句）•Tomispaintinghishouse.Iamtoldhedoesiteveryfouryears.（it代替前面分句的部分内容paintinghishouse）•Let'ssaywemeethereatthreeo'clock.Thatoughttogiveyoutimetobuyeverything.（That代替前面表述的内容）可数单数用one替，ones替代复数词。不定冠词后加one，one前一般有定语。替代若系本身物，it替单they代复。比较句中替代词，不可数名词that替。最高级及序数词后，替代词常常被略去。复数名词替代词，ones与those均用之，特指ones加定冠，those之前无冠词。One(s)的定语多在前，those的定语必后置。1.MrZhanggavethetextbookstoallthepupilsexcept_____whohadalreadytakenthem.A.theonesB.onesC.someD.theothers2.Ifind_____easyenoughtogetonwithPam.A.thatB.thisC.oneD.it3.IfIcanstophercomingtoyou,Ishalldo_____.A.thoseB.whichC.theseD.it4.Ihaven'tapen.Canyoulendme_____?A.theseB.thoseC.themD.one5._____isnecessarythatIgetthetextofmyrevisiontyped.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It6.Itook_____forgranted（conj.假定;就算）thatyouwouldstaywithus.A.itB.thatC.theseD.them7.Fewpleasurescanequal_____ofacooldrinkonahotday.A.someB.anyC.thatD.those8.Ofallmyoldfriends,theonly_____IsawmuchofwasBetty.A.itB.thatC.oneD.this再见